Open Document. View Milesian school PowerPoint (PPT) presentations online in SlideServe. the milesians volume 1 thales. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. the milesians and the origin of philosophy ninewells. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Anaximander was a disciple of Thales. Put plainly, it is the study of the underlying substance of reality. While it would be nice to start our study with Socrates, the first prominent figure in the history of philosophy, the fact is that Socrates did not create his views from thin air. 1. Others think this is unfair; Anaximenes, they contend, thought that the concept of apeiron was too obscure to be helpful, and realized that the hypothesis that everything is made of air could account better for everything he could observe. The Milesian . Training School Training School. 546 BC), Alphonse Bertillons Anthropometric Identification System, Giordano Bruno and the Wonders of the Universe, Carl Blegen the Sack of Troy and the Truth in Homers Iliad, [1] OConnor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., . At this point, you may be on the verge of making a solemn vow never to bother with philosophy again. The Ionian School includes the three philosophers of the Milesian School as well as a few others who came along during the 5th century, but the Ionian School was more concerned with the thought behind everything, whereas the Milesian School focused more on nature. Anaximander makes the originating stuff of the cosmos, Anaximenes (c. 585 c. 528 BCE) Anaximenes was the 3rd and last member (the others were Thales and Anaximander) of what is traditionally called the Milesian school of natural philosophers. For, Thales of Miletus (c. 624 c. 546 BCE) Thales of Miletus is widely depicted in ancient sources as a pioneering rationalist and the founding father of Greek philosophy, science, and mathematics. Anaximenes (ca. We've updated our privacy policy. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. Introduzione. is the first philosopher known to use the word kosmos for world order, which he says ever was and ever will be, not created by god or man. The Ionian school of Pre-Socratic philosophy was centred in Miletus, Ionia in the 6th century B.C. (Metaphysics I.3.983b DK 11 A 2, A 122) If Aristotle is right about Thales and the Milesian "school," the naturalists and the theologists provide their accounts against different background conceptions of reality. After Thales, two other philosophers from the city of Miletus continued the philosophical investigation about the physis, presenting new ideas and theories. Thales and his successors would have none of this when it came to understanding the natural world; instead, they appealed to that which everyone could perceive with their own senses, and to that which everyone could (at least in principle) figure out through the power of their own reason. This kind of metaphysics is one of the things that signals the beginning of philosophy, because it introduces the idea that nature is amenable to investigation by observation and rational thought. Presumably he came to the latter conclusion by observing that human infants cannot nourish themselves, and deducing from this that the very first humans would have died unless they had gestated as fish do, wihout needing to nurse. Anaximenes also gave an account of how air can transform into other substances: it is all a matter of density, with sufficiently compressed air turning into water and earth, and sufficiently rarified air turning into fire. This page was last edited on 7 February 2022, at 15:57. Anaximander already speculated on the plurality of worlds, similar to later philosopher Epicurus. This characteristic is found in other schools, such as the Italic, Eleatic and Atomistic Schools. Miletus was important because it was a very successful commercial city and consequently helped migrate the ideas of Egypt and Babylon to Greece. As Thales studied these tables . Get powerful tools for managing your contents. Pythagoras said to be a student of Anaximander. Evidence for his life and thought is meagre and often questionable. Find out how you can support the further development of AnthroWiki with your donation. One did not feel a completely separate soul; one experienced in oneself the soul and body as a unity, and in this unity the stream of forces which, for example, pass through a phlegmatic soul, just as the same forces pass through the water effects outside in nature. scientific in nature. For the average ancient Greek, to understand nature meant understanding the gods; but to understand the gods, one had to appeal to privileged sources of knowledgeto the authority of poets like Homer and Hesiod, who had been inspired by the Muses, or to oracles who received messages directly from the other gods. With some remarks on the "Gigantomachia over being" in Plato's Sophistes (2019). Milesian School school of thought that practiced material monism. There cannot be a single, simple body which is infinite, either, as some hold, one distinct from the elements, which they then derive from it, nor without this qualification., as quoted in Physics by Aristotle, Like for many other ancient Greek philosophers, little is known about the life of Anaximander. The Milesian school of thought believes that everything in the world is composed of water. If the Milesians made such outlandish claims, why do we think they were important? Why would he say this? Your email address will not be published. what were the Pre-Socratics called by Aristotle. I look at the development of Presocratic thought, Platos critique of self and society, and consider Aristotles view of nature. In case you need help on any kind of academic writing visit website www.HelpWriting.net and place your order, Do not sell or share my personal information. The "gods" of folk mythology are identified with the elements and luminaries (Anaximenes) or "countless worlds" (Anaximander), which originated from a single propriety, which itself is conceived as a higher and absolute "deity". English & Russian (corrected version).pdf, An_Illustrated_Brief_History_of_Western.pdf. W. Wians), Albany: SUNY Press, 99-131, HARRIS ( K O N S T A N T I N O S ) NOTTAS, CO AUTHORS DTMS ET AL D T M S E T A L AS WELL AS MANY OTHER ANAGRAMS, Ralph Cudworth's The True Intellectual System of the Universe and the Presocratic Philosophers, Western Philosophy and the Life-Ground (encyclopaedia entry; large sample), The Classic/Romantic Dichotomy in De Stijl Theory (2007), Routledge History of Philosophy Volume IBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataNotes on contributors ix, On being and becoming: Ancient Greek ethics and ontology in the twenty-first century (MA Project), Philosophy, Sophism/Sophistry, "Pilosopo" (2004). It was not accidental that the first Western Philosophers, pre-Socratics were citizens of Miletus, a prosperous trading centre of Ionian Greeks on the Asiatic coast, where Greek and Oriental cultures met and mingled. Western Philosophy has ancient, medieval, and modern eras. This map, of course, no longer exists, but it must have shown a circular earth the top of the cylinder. Anaximander lived as a Pre-Socratic Philosopher who lived in Miletus which is a town in Ionia. Comment document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a12ed6b4b03693b2f983a5ee1ccebc03" );document.getElementById("f05c6f46e1").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); The SciHi Blog is made with enthusiasm by, Anaximander and the Milesian School of Philosophy. Thales of Miletus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Asia Minor and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. The Milesian School was a pre-Socratic school of philosophy of the 6th century BC based in the Ionian city of Miletus. He came to this not by a pure flight of fancy, but by extrapolating from what he could observe; he noticed, for instance, that one can make ones own breath either hot or cold by varying how much one compresses the stream of air through ones lips. Material monism is a belief which provides an explanation of the physical world. The Excelsior American School is globally recognized International Baccalaureate School the school offers high-quality education, well-qualified teachers and excellent facilities. The Milesian School of Philosophy. But that can hardly be correct. He offered a new and revolutionary Transitional Page. Old School School. Thales of Miletus was the first philosopher to propose a rational and empirical explanation for the origin and constitution of the world. The Cambridge Companion to early Greek Philosophy, HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION QUIZZES 101 - Human Origins and Ancient Civilizations: Greek, v.1. Lyceum of the Philippines University- Cavite, PRE SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS BY ALEJANDRO BSIT, Philosophy of man(modern, ancient, contemporary), Contemporary Philosophy: Philosophy in current era, History of Political Thoughts; The Greeks by RPC, Philosophy - Lesson 1 - What is Philosophy, Philosophy 100: Roots of Wisdom: Chapter 1, Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person - Introduction to Philosophy, Science in the 16th Century- Interactive Lecture, Uti index-papers-e-chapter5-religion-philosophy-and-science, Perspective on Civilization Lecture 2 UPDATED, The meaning and the nature of bureaucracy, 02-Photosynthesis-Calvin-Cycle-Light-Independent-Reactions.pptx, 3__ bhattiAcademy.com __ Math__ 2. View Milesian school PowerPoint PPT Presentations on SlideServe. It came out of Greek mythology, but unlike it, the question was not about the one who gave birth to all that exists, but from what it came out, with almost no consideration of the moral side of human existence. To a lesser degree than the people of prehistoric times, he experienced - but nevertheless he experienced in this way - the effect of water in himself and in nature, and both were an expression of power to him. Furthermore, direct lines of idealogical evolution can be drawn from early ideas about natural philosophy . Come up with their own theory. SlideServe has a very huge collection of Milesian school PowerPoint presentations. He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings of his master Thales. Top notes are Lemon, Bergamot, Pepper, Melon and Violet; middle notes are Lotus, Freesia, Water Notes and Sandalwood; base notes are Amber, Musk and Woody Notes. THE MILESIAN SCHOOL 1. THE PRE-SOCRATICS Classical Philosophy- Test 1. Ionian philosophy refers to the early (pre-Socratic) period of the formation of Greek philosophy and was characterized by an interest in natural-science problems (natural philosophy). 624-546 BCE) is most noted for three claims: The most popular interpretation of the first claim is that Thales literally believed that everything is made of water. Thales took this as evidence that magnets have souls, because the ancient Greeks thought that it is possession of a soul that makes something alive and active rather nonliving and inert. Post author: Post published: June 10, 2022 Post category: printable afl fixture 2022 Post comments: columbus day chess tournament columbus day chess tournament 3 This was at one time an obvious NSFW pop-culture reference. introduction to Vision and mission showing different core values. From the Milesian School, founded by Thales, to . Assuredly; speculation is inevitable when was has so little source material. Philosophy Square Symbol Gear Infinity Technology Circle Process. Now that we have talked about magnets and souls, we may have a clue as to what Thales meant by his second claim, when he says that everything is full of gods. (11th ed.). and died about 528. . Your email address will not be published. Herbert S. Long. From Plato on, there is a realm of pure concepts and reasoned visions dwelling above the world of corporeal interests, prejudices and certain death, which seeks to transcend its confused self-desires, illusions and fleeting changes, but does so in peerlessly diverse ways that illuminate our earthly lotas explained ahead. Examined lives from socrates to nietzsche, Western Understanding of Metaphysics up to Aquinas: A Survey of Literature. ), Words & Ideas (Mundelein: Bolchazy-Carducci corrected reprint 2012) 191226. The first ancient Greek philosophers, Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes, were all from Miletus, and so they are known as the Milesian School. milesian school of philosophy ppt. He also argued that the heavenly bodies were at different distances from the earth, but he was entirely wrong in believing that the stars were closer than any of the other heavenly bodies. the milesians and the quest for being the great. Greek Philosophy 4.2: The Milesians: Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, Eratosthenes and the Circumference of the Earth, Thales of Miletus (possibly) the Father of Greek Mathematics, Anaximander of Miletus (610-ca. milesian school by movement school the basics of. A. Gosling and W. J. Dominik, Philosophy and Psychology, in W. J. Dominik (ed. ), Words & Ideas (Wauconda: Bolchazy-Carducci 2002) 191226. Notably, Anaximander also thought that life came into being by spontaneous generation from moisture, and that humans originally were born to fish-like ancestors in the distant past. Chicago:Vieira, Sadoque. The Milesian school was a school of thought founded in the 6th century BC. Physikoi, physicists. Entry 'Philosophy of Ancient Greece' from The Great Russian Encyclopaedia v.7 (2007). The Milesian school (/ m a l i i n, - n /) was a school of thought founded in the 6th century BC.The ideas associated with it are exemplified by three philosophers from the Ionian town of Miletus, on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor: Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes.They introduced new opinions contrary to the prevailing belief of how the world was organized, in which natural . La Fabbrica dei campioni. The ideas associated with it are exemplified by philosophers from the Ionian town of Miletus, on the Aegean coast of Anatolia These philosophers introduced new opinions contrary to the prevailing viewpoint on how the world was organized. Presentation Transcript. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Thales, the first philosopher, stands at the beginning of a great tradition of rational . Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The SlideShare family just got bigger. At about 610 BC, pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Anaximander of Miletus was born. The ideas associated with it are exemplified by three philosophers from The ideas associated with it are exemplified by philosophers from the Ionian town of Miletus, on the Aegean coast of Anatolia These philosophers introduced new opinions contrary to the prevailing viewpoint on how the world was organized. 7. It developed 2 separate school of thought, Mathematikoi- learners and Akousmatikoi- listeners. They were primarily interested in the study of metaphysics. Milet, Miletus Ionia Thales (624-546 BC) Anaximander (610-547 BC) Anaximenes (585-525 BC). the first philosophers the presocratics and sophists. The Milesian School by RE CLASSIFIED RE is a Floral Aquatic fragrance for women and men. You can read the details below. Upanishads, (C) 2013 Buddhism and Religions / Red Zambala. Some writers credited Anaximander also with the invention of the sundial gnomon. 05 of 12 The pantheism of the Milesian school was more naturalistic (in contrast to Heraclitus). 13. A. Gosling and W. J. Dominik, Philosophy and Psychology, in W. J. Dominik (ed. The virgin, the villain, the hero, the whore, THE GOSSIPER THE SLANDERER THE BUSYBODY THE WHISPERER. Your email address will not be published. [1] sometimes the Pre-Socratics observations were ____. What is metaphysics? His philosophy has a dose of mysticism, probably an influence of the Orphic . about their gods and goddesses to such an milesian school of philosophy pptbluebell woods walkbluebell woods walk Heraclitus is thought to have abdicated the throne of Ephesus in favor of his brother. The Milesian school is not synonymous with the Ionian school, which includes the philosophies of the Milesians as well as quite different Ionian thinkers such as Heraclitus. For this reason, Aristotle called these thinkers physikoi, which in Greek means physicists, or philosophers of nature. The main philosophers of this School were Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes. [2] It is not taken into account that these personalities are still living in the process of the formation of the ideal worldview; that although they feel the independence of the human soul to a greater degree than Pherekydes, they have not yet completed the completely strict separation of the soul's life from the workings of nature. Lyceum of the Philippines University- Cavite, PRE SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS BY ALEJANDRO BSIT, Greek Philosophy and the Hellenistic World, Presentation on Sophy's world : 2000 years' philosophy in 45 slides, Chapter 1. lecture 2. human being according to, Philosophy 100: Roots of Wisdom: Chapter 1, Lewis Field-Hite-ULTIMATE-REALITY-The-Swedenborg-Society-London-1936. By Curtt Delaney 12/17/09. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The Milesian school was a school of thought founded in the 6th Century BC. (M. G. G. Pina, Trad.). The story of philosophy in Western civilization begins in ancient Greece, which produced three of the world's greatest thinkers, namely, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. It is generally considered to be the first school of thought in ancient Greek, and thus Western, philosophy and consisted of three philosophers: Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes, all of whom were primarily interested in cosmology, the origin and substance of the world. 1. He argued that man was not suited to live in this early world, so could only have arisen from the animals living on dry land after conditions became suitable. [4,6,7], Anaximander the Milesian, affirmed the infinite to be the first principle, and that all things are generated out of it, and corrupted again into it. Some Presocratics and Theories of the Natural and Metaphysical Worlds. Education This slide presentation is all about the beginnings of Philosophy in line with the subject Danilo Siquig Jr. Before Philosophy ever existed, the Ancient The Milesians conceived of nature in terms of methodologically observable entities, and as such was one of the first truly scientific philosophies. Required fields are marked *. extent that in order to please the gods and He is the third philosopher of the Milesian School of philosophy, so named because like Thales and Anaximander, Anaximenes was an inhabitant of Miletus, in Ionia (ancient Greece). Prepared by Raizza P. Corpuz 2015 School name / Dec / week 1. In this article I will examine philosophy's first steps into its proper domain by tinning to the origins of the Milesian school in the figures of Thaes and Anaximander. (2004). Anaximander believed that the earth was a cylinder. SCHOOL & SCHOOL LIFE. Retrieved from https://filosofiadoinicio.com/en/milesian-school/. Natural phenomena were explained solely by the token whenever they needed some favor Cudworth offers a spirited attack against the materialism and mechanism of Thomas Hobbes. Thales Thales of Miletus (c.625-547 BC), a pre-Socratic philosopher, is regarded as the father of Greek philosophy, and the first Greek scientist and mathematician (although he was an engineer by training). SickKids. To be a mathematician, astronomer, etc., in those ancient times meant to deal practically with the corresponding things, quite in the manner of the craftsman, who relied on artifice, not on intellectual-scientific cognition. The school guided by an educational philosophy that promotes the development of the whole person blending academics, athletics and creative achievements. Thales sought to determine the principle (arche) responsible for the origin of all things. Milesian school Was a school of thought founded in the 6th C. BC. The Milesian philosophers defined all things by their substances of which world was formed and which was the source of everything. The Milesian heritage included the myths and religious beliefs of their own people and their Eastern neighbours and also the store of Egyptian and Babylonian knowledge. Back in the time of the Milesians, if you sailed east from the Greek mainland, crossing the Aegean Sea until you hit the coast of what is now called Anatolia, you would have landed in a region then known as Ionia, which consisted of a league of Greek colonies. Milesian School of Philosophy It was not accidental that the first Western Philosophers, pre-Socratics were citizens of Miletus, a prosperous trading centre of Ionian Greeks on the Asiatic coast, where Greek and Oriental cultures met and mingled. Is this interpretation of Thales speculative? 1. He was said to have been the first person to construct a map of the world. He appears to have been the first person to argue that the sun, moon, planets and stars revolved around the earth so the sun which rose in the morning was the same sun that had disappeared on the evening of the preceding day. His work is couched as a search for truth among the ancient philosophers, and this paper examines his use of the Presocratics as a tool for discussing the issues of his day. Whoever acknowledges the preceding remarks will be able to approve a portrayal of these personalities which must deviate from that customary in historical accounts of philosophy. The Milesian heritage included the myths and religious beliefs of their own people and their Eastern neighbours and also the store of Egyptian and Babylonian knowledgeastronomical, mathematical and technological. Philosophy ppt Megha Mohan 330.6k views . Anaximander. The chronicler Apollodorus suggests that he was born around 625 BCE. Thales may also have noticed that water has three phases; water is the only substance an average person in a climate like Ionias would experience variously as a liquid, a solid, and a gas. Click here to review the details. Philosophy, literature, religious and cultural studies. HARRIS ( K O N S T A N T I N O S ) NOTTAS, CO AUTHORS DTMS ET AL D T M S E T A L AS WELL AS MANY OTHER ANAGRAMS, Reason, causation and compatibility with the phenomena, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_025Socratic to Enlightenment. Possible misconceptions in modern interpretations of Plato and Aristotle are addressed; as are modern thinkers, influenced by Greek thought, who seek to rework our understanding of culture, technology, and self, as well as our relationship to the ecosystem. The moral of the story is, dont listen to oracles. Miletus and its environment was a thriving mercantile melting pot of current ideas of the time. Philosophy icon with gear and human brain. It followed, therefore, that to understand the behavior of nature one could go no deeper than to understand the moods and motives of the gods. So defining philosophy is not easy. This trio of early scientists were materialists: they believed that the Earth and everything else in the Universe was made from a material (rather than spiritual) substance. Laura Bradley - @ SickKids SickKids Foundation Holly Knowlman - @ AGOToronto Art Gallery of Ontario Moderator: Claire Kerr - @ snotforprofit Artez Interactive. NORBERT SHAYO.-INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY. Why, on this account, would he use the word gods instead of souls? Filosofia do Incio. The importance of his work is that he introduced scientific and mathematical principles into the study of astronomy and geography. the merits of the milesians issue 69 philosophy now. Milesian school. Filosofia do Incio, 19 Feb. 2023, https://filosofiadoinicio.com/en/milesian-school/. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. His major work, The True Intellectual System of the Universe, was completed in 1671, a year after Spinoza published (anonymously) the Tractatus Logico-philosophicus. School Name School Logo. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This is the original English text of the essay "La naissance de la philosophie" in Histoire de la philosophie edited by Jean-Francois Pradeau, Editions du Seuil 2009. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. http://intrepidprose.blogspot.com/2011/08/abex-ny-at-ago.html. For example, one will certainly wrongly conceive of Thales if one thinks that he, as a merchant, mathematician and astronomer, thought about natural processes and then, in an imperfect way, but like a modern researcher, summarised his findings in the sentence: "Everything comes from water". The Fabulous. Milesian school. Filosofia do Incio, February 19, 2023. https://filosofiadoinicio.com/en/milesian-school/. The Milesians. The Milesian School of Philosophy Herbert S. Long, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. 1 INTRODUCTION The three Milesian philosophers deserve fuller treatment in any consideration of ultimate reality and meaning than the scanty remains of their doctrines might seem to warrant, since they played multiple roles in the . The first animals had skin covered with spines but after they began to live on dry land, the heat of the sun gradually caused the animals to have fewer spines. School Name School Logo. 4. which of the following is not a benefit of federalism? The philosophers of the Milesian School defended, among other things, the existence of a principle called arche that would be the cause of the origin of all things in the universe. (2012). Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Many people think Anaximenes is a step backward from Anaximandera naive retreat from the sophisticated and ineffable back to the crude and familiar. Vedanta Sutras To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. He discussed the origins of life, as well as the origins of the cosmos. ", An Illustrated Brief History of - Sir Anthony Kenny, COSMOLOGICAL MODELS AND THE PERI PHUSEOS TRADITION, The Philosophy Book Big Ideas Simply Explained by Will Buckingham Douglas Burnham, A very brief history of Greek philosophy. Your Topic Goes Here. The ________ the ramp, the __________ the car will go. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Milesian school; Free Milesian school Essays and Papers. Click here to review the details. It is perhaps Anaximander who should be considered the founder of Greek astronomy and natural philosophy. "AN INTRODUCTION TO ARISTOTLES METAPHYSICS OF TIME.Historical research into the mythological and astronomical conceptions that preceded Aristotles philosophy. Ogden School District is committed to providing safe learning environments that stimulate our students' curiosities, promote continuous improvement, and serve our surrounding communities. Philosophical study of questions about social behavior. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Cambridge University Press. The animation itself (soul) was regarded as a "subtle" and mobile form of primordiality. (p. APA:Vieira, S. (2023, February 19). Anaximander also attempted to give an explanation for how the universe came into being. Milesian school regarded the world as a living whole; philosophers did not make a fundamental difference between the living and the dead, the mental and the physical, recognized for inanimate objects only a lesser degree of animation (life). Global dimension key concepts: DIVERSITY- developing a sense of awe at the variety of peoples and environments around the world. These accounts are always based on the unspoken assumption that these personalities arrived at the assertions they handed down through an imperfect observation of nature: Thales that the basic and original essence of all things is to be sought in "water", Anaximander in the "unlimited", Anaximenes in "air", Heraclitus in "fire". in Defender's Guide to Science and Creationism, Parmenides and the big, bland, possibly spherical unity, Socrates and troublemaking for the sake of truth. So Paulo: Martins Fontes. Famous for ingenuity in many areas, he was also numbered among the Seven Sages. 5. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. [2], exploring together new paths of knowledge. School Name School Logo. We've updated our privacy policy. milesian school of philosophy ppt We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. the milesians. It was published a few years later, in 1678. ), Words & Ideas (Mundelein: Bolchazy-Carducci corrected reprint 2018) 191226. The Milesians Thales Anaximenes Heraclitus Xenophanes "All is water" "All is air" "All is fire" "All is earth" (or water?) Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Heraclitus (fl. Unlike other Pre-Socratics, he never defines this principle precisely, and it has generally been understood as a sort of primal chaos.
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