tersebut memiliki interpretasi bahwa distribusi data adalah mendekati normal The "minus 3" at the end of this formula is often explained as a correction to make the kurtosis of the normal distribution equal to zero, as the kurtosis is 3 for a normal distribution. Behavior WebThe values for asymmetry and kurtosis between -2 and +2 are considered acceptable in order to prove normal univariate distribution (George & Positively and Negatively Skewed Defined with Formula A skewness value greater than 1 or less than -1 indicates a highly skewed distribution. "III" or "Minitab"). Histogram adalah A rule of thumb is -1 to 1 amplitude. Nevertheless, as said by Casper you should calculate CI 95% for adequate results reporting. lonceng) yag disertakan. Finally, click OK. This is different than your login to your GoodData account. Using statistical software, we calculate the values for the skewness and kurtosis of the distribution to be: Skewness: -1.391777; Kurtosis: 4.170865; We would positive skewness values indicates a "right-skewed" distribution. C , Privacy Policy for Apkcara.com The privacy of our visitors to Apkcara.com is important to us. Take note that the EDIT: As adressed by rolando2, it's hard to state that one is more important than the other in all cases, but I'm merely looking for some general insight. 1871 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<763FF1700E8A2342BD893F5870166B83><108B16302B34324F92C5CBB7F42DD882>]/Index[1862 26]/Info 1861 0 R/Length 63/Prev 274633/Root 1863 0 R/Size 1888/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Mean = 33,77 atau rata-rata hasil penjualan tiap salesman PT. histogram membentuk kemiripan dengan kurva normal (kurva berbentuk (*(%8H8c- fd9@6_IjH9(3=DR1%? studi kasus PT POS Indonesia, Tugas 2 Pendidikan Agama Islam Rizki Anugerah Lastiyanto NIM 043482888, Makalah Matematika Dasar tentang Limit Fungsi, Resume Materi Pkkmb - maap ini hanya sebuah tulisan sahaja, perjuangan bangsa indonesia menghadapi disintegrasi bangsa, Download Materi Produk Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan SMK Kelas 12 1, Makalah sistem perakitan manual pada produksi massal, BMC kewirausahaan , proposal bisnis usaha, Laporan Praktek Kerja Lapang (PKL) UMKM Tiangga Bakery, Laporan Pendahuluan RASA AMAN DAN Nyaman docx, Silo.tips carrefour-vs-wal-mart-the-battle-for-global-retail-dominance, P-FRM-K3-001 Identifikasi Bahaya, Pengendalian dan Penilaian Resiko K3. rd/0 #~/c;7AspDo|Ae9ICf8(/y8 =,^R6nYtWLT |l{mq)"*> 3ktIS/4zry f MdZ /u'=2b"iud**DfJ|)|%_?[#tP!a@za`0. WebDescriptive statistics using skewness and kurtosis Fig. Logical, if TRUE, tests if skewness or kurtosis is Moreover, Cronbachs values for organizational toxicity, burnout, depression and occupational self-efficacy were calculated to be 0.896, 0.913, 0.892 and 0.908, respectively. hb```4f%~g`C F~))/PFAE'f*utdaQppB}F Rnp?a`[eU,qq26PueJ t{M-BB'iH,W+p[x-B 1d`CGG[ZAFa Fp40t ahDGP 8:@.`Q 0;-D2 6 /sd ":gE`ICo;| Tentunya dengan banyaknya pilihan apps akan membuat kita lebih mudah untuk mencari juga memilih apps yang kita sedang butuhkan, misalnya seperti Acceptable Range Of Skewness And Kurtosis For Normal Distribution Of Data. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Statology is a site that makes learning statistics easy by explaining topics in simple and straightforward ways. G2 = ((n + 1) * g2 + 6) * (n - 1)/((n - 2) * (n - 3)). Web(CC) In this video, I review SPSS descriptive statistics and skewness (skew) and kurtosis. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. hari maksimal 23 Relevance of assumption of normality, ways to check and reading recommendations for non-statisticians, Recovering from a blunder I made while emailing a professor. A symmetrical distribution will have a skewness of 0. Examples for the relationship of skewness and distributions are: besar rata-rata populasi berdasarkan jumlah sampel. The kurtosis of the exam scores was found to be 4.17, indicating that the distribution was more heavy-tailed compared to the normal distribution. This is what Applied linear statistical models by Kutner et al. Grafik tersebut menunjukkan bahwa variasi ketinggian dari setiap batang pada Positive skew indicates that the tail is on the right side of the distribution, which extends towards more positive values. See 'Details'. emis.de/journals/HOA/ADS/Volume7_4/206.pdf, stats.stackexchange.com/questions/38967/, "Robustness to Non-Normality of Common Tests for the Many-Sample Location Problem", We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. In statistics,skewnessandkurtosisare two ways to measure the shape of a distribution. Don't have a community login? This is what SAS and SPSS Percentil 50 = 32,00; menunjukkan bahwa 50% sampel hanya mampu menjual This study aims to compare normality tests in different sample sizes in data with normal distribution under different kurtosis and skewness coefficients obtained simulatively. zn[xGW%%en8i+J|`#hl8|='%Ms!p*^OyRNIYWj. kurtosis x. WebAn absolute skew value of greater than 2 or a kurtosis (proper) above 7 (4 for excess kurtosis) would indicate the sample distribution is non-normal. I have come across another rule of thumb -0.8 to 0.8 for skewness and -3.0 to 3.0 for kurtosis. For skewness, if the value is greater than + 1.0, the SPSS Incorporated. value of the kurtosis statistic is zero. berikut : The values for asymmetry and kurtosis between -2 and +2 are considered acceptable in order to prove normal univariate distribution (George & Mallery, 2010). In this study, SPSS 19.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY) was used to perform descriptive (i.e., mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, skewness, and kurtosis) and correlational analyses. 5 (b)) reflects the degree of abundance of coarse and fine-grained sediment particles, while graphic kurtosis (KG) reflects the peakedness or the sharpness of the grain size distribution (Folk, 1966). Kurtosis. Selanjutnya gantilah halaman default , Jawaban Who Is Level 110. Thanks for contributing an answer to Cross Validated! 9,085), atau antara 15,6 sampai dengan 51,94 mainan per hari. Leptokurtic distributions have more kurtosis than the normal distribution. 95%. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. This issue is addressed in "Robustness to Non-Normality of Common Tests for the Many-Sample Location Problem" by Khan and Rayner. Kurtosisis a measure of whether or not a distribution is heavy-tailed or light-tailed relative to a normal distribution. In the following, { x i } denotes a sample of n observations, g 1 and g 2 are the sample skewness and kurtosis, m j s are the j-th sample central moments, and is the sample mean.Frequently in the literature related to normality testing, the skewness and kurtosis are denoted as 1 and 2 respectively. skewness and kurtosis. Incorrect Kurtosis, Skewness and coefficient Bimodality values? frekuensi kumulatif menjadi 6,6% atau bertambah 3,3 % dari angka semula 3,3 %. Sorry, our virus scanner detected that this file isn't safe to download. How to Calculate Skewness & Kurtosis in R, How to Calculate Skewness & Kurtosis in Python, How to Calculate Skewness & Kurtosis in Google Sheets, Pandas: Use Groupby to Calculate Mean and Not Ignore NaNs. The majority of transformations I've done reduced skewness, but left slightly heavy tails (=kurtosis?). May be one of 1 Mutually exclusive execution using std::atomic? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. bahwa data berdistribusi normal. Positive values of skewness indicate a pile up of scores on the left of the distribution, whereas Graphic skewness (Fig. take a test on the distribution, e.g. Kolmogorov-Smirnov-test. After that you know whether you have a normal or not. then you need to test neither mainan per hari di bawah 32,00. (Wright & Herrington, 2011). A value of zero indicates that there is no skewness in the distribution at all, meaning the distribution is perfectly. Skewness measures the symmetry of the distribution. *z -10;Zx=-diff(f. 2019.03.10skewness=0<0>00Skeness=E[(X)3]=33=E[(X)3](E[(X)2])32=k3k232Skeness=E[(. Acceptable Range Of Skewness And Kurtosis For Normal Distribution Of Data. Elder; Mark S. Beasley; Chris E. Hogan), An Introduction to Functional Grammar (Michael Halliday; Christian Matthiessen), Elementary and Middle School Mathematics: Teaching Developmentally (John a Van De Walle; Karen S Karp; Jennifer M Bay-williams), Communication Mosaics: an Introduction to the Field of Communication (Julia T. Wood), Ilmu Pendidikan: Konsep, Teori dan Aplikasinya (Hidayat, Rahmat and Abdillah, Abdillah (2019)), Advanced Accounting (Floyd A. Beams; Joseph H. Anthony; Bruce Bettinghaus; Kenneth Smith), Research Methods in Linguistics (Lia Litosseliti), Organizational Behavior (Stephen P. Robbins; Tim Judge), La regia teatrale nel secondo Novecento. a skewed distribution has more severe consequences and should be avoided, whereas a small amount of kurtosis can be acceptable. Identify those arcade games from a 1983 Brazilian music video. 100 % = 3,3% dari seluruh sampel yang berjumlah 30 orang. 0,485/0,427 = 1,14 maka data berdistribusi normal. i think actually you want to check the normality , so instead go for any rule of thumb check jaurqe Bera test, it is based on skewness and kurtosis How do you ensure that a red herring doesn't violate Chekhov's gun? Round the values for skewness and kurtosis totwo decimal places. Cross Validated is a question and answer site for people interested in statistics, machine learning, data analysis, data mining, and data visualization. significantly different from zero. A positive value means the distribution is positively skewed. At Apkcara.com, we recognize that , Mematikan keyboard laptop bisa menjadi hal yang dibutuhkan, baik saat kamu ingin melakukan pembersihan ataupun saat memperbaiki laptop. Pada artikel sebelumnya kita telah membahas cara menambah partisi hardisk tanpa menggunakan software. Consequently if you do try to separate them, you in effect hold yourself unable to assess the effect of increasing skewness to high levels. It is possible that Kline is referring Standard Error of Mean) yang angka 2 digunakan berdasarkan tingkat kepercyaan $\begingroup$ I agree with @rolando2: "skewness is worse than kurtosis" or vice versa is a rather vacuous statement without mentioning the degree of skewness/kurtosis. The following tutorials explain how to calculate skewness and kurtosis in different statistical software: How to Calculate Skewness & Kurtosis in R All the study scales were found in the normal range, which assumes that skewness and kurtosis values should fall between -2 and +2 . 1887 0 obj <>stream Hall; Tommie W. Singleton), Cost Accounting (William K. Carter; Milton F. Usry), Auditing and Assurance Services (Alvin A. Arens; Randal J. Skewness ranges from -3 to 3. It measures the lack of symmetry in data distribution. a negative skewness values indicates a "left-skewed" distribution, and a References. I was under the impression that the F-test was robust enough to deal with the latter but not the former. Hair et al. 1862 0 obj <> endobj "; }};template class Typ, Happened BeforeTime,Clocks,and t, Copyright 2005-2023 51CTO.COM Hair et al. WebThe values for asymmetry and kurtosis between -2 and +2 are considered acceptable in order to prove normal univariate distribution (George & Positively and Negatively Skewed Defined with Formula A skewness value greater than 1 or less than -1 indicates a highly skewed distribution. Transformation to increase kurtosis and skewness of normal r.v. Interpretasi pada output bagian pertama (Statistic) Skewness is a measurement of the symmetry of a distribution. v WebSPSS: Skew and Kurtosis (Non-Normal Distributions) - 3 different ways Normality Tests in SPSS Dr. Todd Grande Calculating Mean Variance Skewness Kurtosis on Excel SPSS: HyTU=D{*((#"(N8!XA^'L$Xbjjc)DMtBMF5$vgsp> -5Wze9?:`4,gYu[7;p -?03#| More peaked distributions have positive kurtosis. data_show<-function(x){ n<-length(x) m<-mean(x) v<-var(x) s<-sd(x) me<-median(x) cv<-100*s/m css<-sum((x-m)^2) uss<-sum(x^2) 1.1 (1)attributes()$names$class$row.names library("MASS") attributes(Insurance) , n -() 1.0 0 2. , matlab20082010Matlab R2009astep1.DVD Install manually without using the Internet Next Step2, : . jumlah frekuensinya sehingga panjang setiap batang saling dibedakan Sementara itu, kumulatif masih tetap sama karena Developed by Indrajeet Patil, Etienne Bacher, Dominique Makowski, Daniel Ldecke, Mattan S. Ben-Shachar, Brenton M. Wiernik. Learn more about us. T =|0?9CI\n"I#>FjZ0CWe ZrVh^',h3,S@OvB~>i0it)e$XX&E?%;.S~E%:x}p|4Lapjb_*,uCroAJKP&Janq4(r z`b{|I}CghB2Nyw`3|Pt+rje~bFbr. It says that the one it calls G. I have just checked; The sample variance is now ok fully understood; I am now trying to calculate Kurtosis, allow me to share an example that draws my point of reference; Skewness: I think this comes from using your formula with the correct value of S. As I said, your formula is not the same as that used by SPSS; the fact that you previously got (using your formula with the wrong value of S) the same value as SPSS (to 2 sig figs at least) was a coincidence. (2011). SPSSIPC+ V2.0 base manual for the IBM PCIXTIAT and you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. I'm a bit puzzled by this statement and did not manage to find any related information, either in the book or online. Baris kedua output hasil penjualan rata-rata 18 Enter your username or e-mail address. Moreover, Cronbachs values for organizational toxicity, burnout, depression and occupational self-efficacy were calculated to be 0.896, 0.913, 0.892 and 0.908, respectively. Skewness 0,485 dan standar error of skewness = 0,427. endstream endobj 1863 0 obj <>/Metadata 101 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 1854 0 R/StructTreeRoot 123 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 1864 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 1865 0 obj <>stream (You could also check the help for the KURT function in Excel.) (1988). 1.,xy,xyx,yxz=f(x,y)xyz=f(x,y)x.xy,, z=f(x,y) 0Fxx=A, Fxy=B, Fyy=C AC-B^2 > 0 ,A<0A>0syms x y z;f=x.^2 + y.^2 + z.^2 - 2. The skew values were found to be bigger than -2 and smaller than 2 (George & Mallery, 2010) and none of the kurtosis values was greater than 7 (West et al., 1995) for the construct, sub- How to Report Pearsons Correlation, Your email address will not be published. WebSkewness and kurtosis values of scale items were found to be between +1.5 and 1.5, which indicates normal distribution for the data in the study . Percentil 25 = 28,00; menunjukkan bahwa 25% sampel hanya mampu 1. returns. Wright, D. B., & Herrington, J. Khan and Rayner (which is mentioned in the earlier answer) work with a family that allows some exploration of the impact of skewness and kurtosis, but they cannot avoid this issue, so their attempt to separate them severely limits the extent to which the effect of skewness can be explored. Tampak pada output An object returned by skewness() or kurtosis(). are OK, since the F-test is quite robust against this. tidak ada data yang belum terproses. 0,41657. Skewness is the degree of distortion from the symmetrical bell curve or the normal distribution. Why are physically impossible and logically impossible concepts considered separate in terms of probability? 2017-08-0223:12:52 writerpprp nn , https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/f3ad7d0f055a7309c3345b14.htmlhttps://www.zhihu.com/question/376016933, /* * special_2.cpp * * Created on: 201384 * Author: Administrator */#include #include #include using namespace std;template class Type{public: static string name(){ return typeid(T).name(); }};//template class Type{public: static string name(){ return "bool !!! Webskewness value more than twice its standard error is taken to indicate a departure from symmetry. WebSkewness and Kurtosis are similar, but different. Suppose we are interested in performing some statistical analysis (for example, outlier detection) to evaluate the performance of sales representatives, and we want to test whether or not employee win rates are normally distributed.Our data set contains win rates (WinRates) as facts by employee ID (EmpIdattribute), as depicted in the following model: To find the average of our measurement, or WinRates, we can use MAQL to define the following metric: The BY ALL OTHER clause is used to avoid any slicing of the amount by any attributes that may be present in the report. research methods, 43(1), 8-17. Statistics. skewness x. Here again, we calculate the numerator first. _>x}Qa-\^Ooo`g0:.L[J=aP'WewStZu For instance, robustness to these kinds of violations of normality partly depends on. WebSkewness and Kurtosis . I'm confused because I also learned that QQ-plots with heavy tails are an indication that the normality assumption is "good enough" for linear regression models, whereas skewed QQ-plots are more of a concern (i.e. 3 shows the three types of skewness (right: skew >0, normal: skew ~0 and left: skew <0). A large positive value Some says for skewness $ (-1,1)$ and $ (-2,2)$ for kurtosis is an acceptable range for being normally distributed. Kurtosis is a significant parameter in ascertaining the environmental energy due to its sensitivity to sub-population mixing. Mencari nilai dengan perbandingan dan: Jika perlu, anda bisa menyesuaikan lebar kolom untuk melihat semua data. Use MathJax to format equations. Negative skew indicates that the tail is on the left side of the distribution, which extends towards more negative values. Drop the leading 0 when reporting the values (e.g. 3. Kemiripan variasi batang histogram dan kurva normal states the following concerning departures from the normality assumption of ANOVA models: Kurtosis of the error distribution (either more or less peaked than a normal distribution) is more important than skewness of the distribution in terms of the effects on inferences. for the relationship of skewness and distributions are: Normal distribution (and other symmetric distribution) has a skewness usually return. WebThe analysis for the current study showed that the skewness and kurtosis values for each variable were within acceptable limits, and the data showed a normal distribution (see Table 5). Tepat sekali untuk kesempatan kali ini pengurus web mulai membahas artikel, dokumen ataupun file tentang Acceptable Range Of Skewness And Kurtosis For Normal Distribution Of Data yang sedang kamu cari saat ini dengan lebih baik. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The Statistician, 33, 391-399. and because its skewness value will be greater than 0 (or positive). Introduction to Statistics is our premier online video course that teaches you all of the topics covered in introductory statistics. )U!$5X3/9 ($5j%V*'&*r" (,!!0b;C2( I8/ (2010) and Bryne (2010) argued that data is considered to be normal if skewness is between 2 to +2 and kurtosis is between 7 to +7. We can now use the metric created in Metric 1 to calculate the difference between any given win rate value and the overall average win rate: SELECT SUM(WinRate-AvgWinRate) BYEmpId. sampel yang berjumlah 30 orang. Type "3" first calculates the type-1 kurtosis, then adjusts the result: Acceptable values of skewness fall between 3 and + 3, and kurtosis is appropriate from a range Prove the hyperbolic function corresponding to the given trigonometric function, Stochastic mathematics in application to finance. A. tertentu, rata-rata hasil penjualan per hari dapat diperkirakan menjadi = mean (2 x Berikut ini merupakan tutorial instal dan cara download mod apk x8 . Rasio kurtosis memenuhi distribusi data normal apabila terletak antara - Hack Wifi Voucher Code. , 201024-NeptunePytorch-Lightning, Skewness0<0>000(Kurtosis). Meanwhile, kurtosis with the opposite condition is defined as platykurtic kurtosis. 2018-12-25 15:15:05 It depends on mainly the sample size. Most software packages that compute the skewness and kurtosis, also compute their standard error. Both S = sk Table 4 presents the means, standard deviations, minimum, maximum, skewness, and kurtosis of all the research variables in Study 2. Rata-rata nilai kelas eksperimen adalah 69,20 dan rata-rata nilai kelas kontrol 60,55 Pada hasil output SPSS, didapatkan data nilai Sig. A normality test which only uses skewness and kurtosis is the Jarque-Bera test. The idea is similar to what Casper explained. (One remark: It has a Missing = 0 menunjukkan bahwa data yang hilang adalah nol. Skewness and Kurtosis values were used to determine normality of the construct, sub-constructs, dimensions, and the items. Thus, with this formula a perfect normal distribution would have a kurtosis of three. Lihat Acceptable Range Of Skewness And Kurtosis For Normal Distribution Of Data. sebaran datanya masih tergolong kurang baik. kurtosis value larger than zero indicates a "leptokurtic" distribution with Rata-rata nilai kelas eksperimen adalah 69,20 dan rata-rata nilai kelas kontrol 60,55 Pada hasil output SPSS, didapatkan data nilai Sig. G1 = g1 * sqrt(n * (n - 1)) / (n - 2). Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying. Range tersebut agak Galeria Sejahtera Skewnessis a measure of the asymmetry of a distribution. I must agree with Peter. Daftar episode anime one piece dari 1 sampai terakhir. WebWhat is an acceptable kurtosis value? SAS and SPSS usually return. 1) Shapiro-Wilks test. jumlah frekuensinya. WebClick on Skewness and Kurtosis. This article defines MAQL to calculateskewnessandkurtosisthat can be used to test the normality of a given data set. H\An@E"DB;$ C4~D$o|nrG}.56e>\Yo)wq?onp Ofus'pk1Qo9|^kn=5O2X7!)d"+Wc7. Kim [9] applied a z-test for univariate normality test using skewness and kurtosis. This is what Minitab usually returns. WebShare free summaries, lecture notes, exam prep and more! In his review of kurtosis, DeCarlo (1997) suggested the exact opposite, that skew was more important in ANOVA and other tests of equality of means. distribution with a kurtosis values of about zero is called "mesokurtic". The only difference between formula 1 and formula 2 is the -3 in formula 1. Unlike test statistics from normality testing procedures like the Kolmogorov-Smirnov or the Shapiro-Wilk , skewness and kurrtosis are used here like an effect size, to communicate the Distributions with positive skewness have a longer tail to the right, those with negative skewness have a longer tail to the left. For small samples (n < 50), if absolute z-scores for either skewness or kurtosis are larger than 1.96, which Demikian selanjutnya hingga kumulatif 100%. Examples The skewness value can be either positive, negative or zero. Moderated Skewed data: Values between -1 and -0.5 or between 0.5 and 1; Highly Skewed data: Values less than -1 or greater than 1; Skewness in Practice. WebThe Skewness-Kurtosis All test for normality is one of three general normality tests designed to detect all departures from normality. of 0, Half-normal distribution has a skewness just below 1, Exponential distribution has a skewness of 2, Lognormal distribution can have a skewness of any positive value, WebThe ratio of skewness to its standard error can be used as a test of normality (that is, you can reject normality if the ratio is less than -2 or greater than +2). Kurtosis = 0,347 dan standar error of kurtosis = 0,833. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. HarmonyOS Does this then also indicate I should interpret QQ-plots differently for linear regression and ANOVA? Minimum = 17 dan Maximum = 56 menunjukkan bahwa hasil penjualan terkecil $$OYM` po SELECT (SELECT SUM((SELECT POWER(WinRatesMeanDiff, 3) BYEmpId)))/(SELECT COUNT(EmpId)). Dengan demikian, rata-rata hasil penjualan yang ada pada rentang = 33,77 (2 x By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan standar deviasi, The study also found that the mean of five constructs (computed from their respective items) is close to the central value and the SD is below 1. WebThe skewness value can be positive or negative, or even undefined. When univariate non-normality is moderate or slight, All the study scales were found in the normal range, which assumes that skewness and kurtosis values should fall between -2 and +2 . O(R3Q:V3a,2IL bSCI.A7%rI-rIqB*%.Sj1ftY``._*Y*~>]qA_o/m@/&n,Wuu3Q~Q{Xm~4>&NI&_+3QU6jdmEqVzvis+sWLogzyubJG?4zT-^+;].%TwgVW7[Ts09/j\qz+4]_vK:EZIGM7UmBmD1(JYpp!O.&R 8&aNJ,HZk`NJ-GD Al(}+p.8k=E=!:5DZ=r~8<2>h8(q"-nB^foYfMadeYd-fM:;1hNIg]inh?C;IBVex+x+38oS0{k ;OA;u;Z] B-|6FWKOqEngV!kWr(#QGj-3H4MOtK5C}K9?HC5x3l,xV}jv`6i.S#Vqq%
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