The denotative content of the text remains the same as in the 1948 edition. There are only two omissions in the text; the name Nazareth and the fact that Joseph and Maria were engaged. The omissions, additions, restructuring, etc. The aim of the description is to function as a tertium comparationes when trying to determine family resemblances. The first thing that springs to mind when comparing the family picture Bible from 1973 with the authorised version from 1948 is the high number of words in the family version, namely 236 compared to 92 words in the 1948 version. Many of the strategies used to create the different Bible versions are common within translation proper as well this applies to strategies such as omission, objective addition, explicitation, restructuring and paraphrase. Usually, transliteration handles only Out-Of-Vocabulary . And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered. Close attention has been paid to the authorised version, no major additions or paraphrasing have taken place, though some explicitation has been made (objective additions). In his Dictionary of Translation Studies, Shuttleworth (1997: 82) writes that interlingual translation is the only kind of translation which corresponds to what is normally understood by the word translation. This definition is quite clear, but unlike the case of translation proper where numerous efforts are made to further define and exemplify what constitutes translation proper in the real world, it is not possible to find more than stray sentences as regards intralingual translation. In Week 2, we will explore how translation that crosses over different media changes the relationship between the text and its viewers, turning spectators into translators. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The length is almost the same, namely 88 words. At one point we have a writer in a room, struggling to approximate the impossible vision that hovers over his head. While the average reader is aware that the two varieties of English exist, s/he is usually less aware of the fact that an edition of a British novel purchased on the other side of the Atlantic will have often . Intralingual translation: example of the model Leichte Sprache Glosbe Usosweb Research This particularly concerns extensions into adaptation studies, intralingual translation , translation between semiotic systems (image to text to music, for example), and translation as the form of all interpretation and thus of all understanding, as suggested . The disturbances mentioned are under these two condition such as: interlingual interference (also known as transfer between languages) and intralingual interference (also known as transfer in one. We use cookies to improve your website experience. The changes made centre around the level of background knowledge and ability of comprehension of the target group. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which . Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde. do not worry Ms Jones, a stapedectomy is a minor procedure of the middle ear performed in order to improve hearing). examples. The parameter of time is of course related to the parameters of culture and knowledge, but in this case it is the diachronic factor which results in the lack of knowledge or cultural understanding; this is the reason for the new authorised version from 1992, for example, and is an important element in the everyday version (even in cases where a reader is able to read and understand the old authorised version from 1948, it will take him less time to process the everyday version). Within polysystem theory and the realms of literary translation (Even-Zohar 1990) we do find some work on intralingual or intersemiotic translation (Weissbrod 1998, 2004; Shavit 1986). When planning this case study, a number of different examples of intralingual translation were considered. I can express the notion 'four year old male uncastrated domesticated reindeer' in English. Korning The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. When we translate, we are not just describing an object or activity with different words and carrying across its meaning, we are creating new understandings of it (for example, that hare excrement crottle is different from horse dung doofers) and providing different perspectives through which to view it (that dung can be liquid ujller but also vary in size turdstool). Privacy Policy We have seen that descriptions of translation claim that meaning can be carried across between languages, however dressed up or repackaged it is, and we have begun to question the assumption that meaning remains unchanged during this process. This line of thought was further elaborated by Steiner in 1975. The productive function of translation, which creates new meanings alongside transferring them from the source text, is also evident in the third type of translation outlined by Roman Jakobson: intersemiotic translation, or translation between media or sign systems. However, despite Jakobsons classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is extremely peripheral to translation studies, more so than it deserves, and the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation; it is next to impossible to find any relevant literature. Intuitively even laymen would know what a translation is and would probably define it in a way which corresponds to the prototypical translation proper in Jakobsons terminology. He has a definition is intralingual example, examples generally to try to translation and intralingually translated versions are. Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description. Registered in England & Wales No. However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation within a limited area, but to attempt a general characterisation of the phenomenon through the microstrategies used in creating the new versions. Examples Intralingual translation occurs when we produce a summary or otherwise rewrite a text in same language, say a children's version of an encyclopedia. Interlingual machine translation is one of the classic approaches to machine translation. The entire text is one long paraphrase, not a single phrase is identical to the 1948 version. The definition will. . The analyses on which this article is based were carried out on a limited number of texts and the characteristics found cannot necessarily be generalised to all kinds of intralingual translation. With the ulterior motive of putting intralingual translation (back?) Though this observation is rarely mentioned or discussed within translation studies, it is not surprising considering the fact that many of the strategies aim at ensuring maximum comprehension and in most cases, comprehension is a central aim in both kinds of translation. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Apart from the obvious difference of the number of national languages involved, the most significant difference seems to be that in many kinds of intralingual translation simplification[14] is the keyword. The aim is to make the text understandable and interesting especially to the young members of a family.[10]. The Economist, Nov. 23, 2010). And in which ways do they differ from or resemble translation proper? Gutt (1991/2000: 394-396) mentions the fact that not all translation scholars would feel comfortable with a broader definition which would allow summaries and elaborated versions, per example, to qualify as translation. A few years later, the novel was developed into a film which was directed by Hou Xiaoxian (, a famous director from Taiwan. 11. We therefore acknowledge our responsibility in the editorial interpretation of the source text The translation is thus a free translation, neither a word-for-word translation, nor a paraphrase.[11]. An alternative definition starting from Tourys three postulates was suggested, but inspired by Tymoczko[3] (1998, 2005) relying on Wittgensteins theory of family resemblances (1953/1958) and Roschs protypology (1973). The second function is the case of adaptation. The most classic example of interlingual translation is "The cat is on the table" - "Il gatto sul tavolo". At the EST 2004 conference in Lisbon (proceedings forthcoming), Denton dealt with intercultural translation in his paper Waterlogged Somewhere in Mid-Atlantic: Why American Readers Need Intralingual Translation but Dont Often Get It. Rollason (2006: 5) refers to Denton who showed that even an English original can encounter communication barriers when crossing the Atlantic and exemplified with: Sue Townsends novel of 1982 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 3/4, a cult best-seller in Britain but far less successful in the US, where its very British cultural codes and slang terms have impeded readers enjoyment, to the point where Denton even suggests the case points up the need for intralingual translation. (Yang Zijian, Citation2005:62). In spite of the highly influential texts of Jakobson and Steiner and in spite of their claim of close affinity between interlingual and intralingual translation, translation studies often excludes intralingual translation either deliberately or de facto. However, it is suggested that the de facto degree of freedom is larger in intralingual translation than in most instances of translation proper. They were soon to be married. The four intralingual translations into Danish are the following in chronological order: A family picture Bible from 1973[7] (236 words), A picture Bible for very small children from 1991[8] (158 words), The Danish authorised version from 1992 (88 words), The New Testament in everyday Danish from 1985/2002[9] (89 words). See also Shavit (1986) on the translation/transfer of childrens literature. Within the business world, another example of intercultural intralingual translation would be the phenomenon of localisation. In principle, functional translation theory has narrowed the gap between intralingual and interlingual translation. This relationship can take many forms and by no means rests on the concept of equivalence, but rather on the skopos of the target text. BibTeX, JabRef, Mendeley, Zotero, Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, pp. However, nothing in the description should be considered necessary or sufficient to define translation. Sharing the same function as interlingual translation, its performances can be ideological and historical. Unlike the other versions, the New Testament in everyday Danish has a preface in which the translators explain their strategy: You cannot blindly translate from source language to target language without disturbing the original meaning. Halliday and the context of situation: Halliday sees language as a social semiotic, that is a vital part of social life and enables people to exchange meaning and function in the society. (*surf) There is no *day on this mail. In order to answer these questions, two experiments will be set up in which professional text producers and students will be asked to translate a scientific text into a popular text. However, none of Tourys three postulates constitute a problem to either intralingual or intersemiotic translation. If we accept that translation can only be accounted for in a meaningful way if we treat it as a cluster concept, it does not make sense to attempt a too finite description. Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. [] and Joseph was happy that they could get inside where it was warm []. According to Shuttleworth (1997: 88), Jakobson, by producing his three categories, simply suggested that translation belongs to a group of interlinked phenomena between which one can find family resemblances and Tymoczko (1998, 2005) argues for a broad perception of translation and suggests that we regard translation as a cluster concept which has to be defined non-finitely in line with Wittgensteins concept of family resemblance. For explanatory purposes, Jakobsons definition sets the two kinds of translation apart (though both are defined as examples of a translational activity). Many versions in many languages may be involved in Bible translation, but from the point of view of this article the interesting fact is that different versions of the Bible, of the same basic message, are created in order to cater for various target groups. Here the source text can be described in words and then translated into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. Nevertheless, conclusive findings have yet to be reached regarding the effectiveness of integrating subtitles into L2 classrooms. (see Shuttleworth 1997: 87-88 and Gambier 1992 for more examples as one of the few, Gambier actually writes about intralingual translation, but though interesting, the article is not based on empirical work and does not compare with interlingual translation). In the latter case, the aim of the intralingual translation is no longer merely comprehension of the factual content of the text there is also an element of expressivity/persuasion. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. & Associates, Inc. Karen This is especially true when a nation is weak and backward. Even-Zohar (in Weissbrod 2004: 24) argues that there is no benefit in dealing with one phenomenon (translation) as if it were detached from other phenomena when it is not. And Gambier (1992: 308) takes a similar view: Enfin, il oblige reposer la ncessit prtendue dune thorie de la traduction, autonome, spare de la thorisation des autres processus interactionnels (intralinguistiques).. no longer tolerate incomprehensible expert texts. A transfer has taken place and the target text has been derived from the source text (resulting in a new product in another language, genre or medium), i.e. Since translation deals with transfer of meaning, and semantics is the study of meaning, we cannot study translation without some knowledge of semantics.
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