[47] As it was thought that vehicle movement in the battle area would be restricted by the weather, terrain and battle damage, units were issued with "compo" ration packs for up to two-thirds of a formation's strength, and the divisions and independent brigades were also supplied with two-, three- and five-man "AFV" ration packs in case the distribution of compo packs proved to be too difficult. This saved on road transport, but at the cost of some degree of flexibility. The British Army of the Rhine - DocuWiki It closed in 1991 when the refurbished BMH Iserlohn re-opened. Pipelines were now constructed from Calais to Ghent, and thence to the storage facilities around Antwerp. British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) | REME Museum The Royal Navy formed Force U, consisting of three squadrons, each with a flotilla of twelve Landing Craft Medium (LCM), and a flotilla of twelve Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP), which were transported by road across Holland and Belgium to participate. [19] He intended to make the main Allied effort in the north, in the 21st Army Group's sector. Although our understanding of the service has been considerably deepened by subsequent scholarship, the book provides the broader context for thinking about the army after 1945. The Canadian historian, Charles Stacey noted that:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, Thus, throughout the campaign in North-West Europe, there was virtually no separate Canadian supply organization other than what existed within First Canadian Army itself. Divisions carried two days' compo rations in their first line (unit) transport and two days' in their second line (divisional) transport. London: Penguin, 1970. It is a history of British European security commitments, of NATO military strategy, and of the changing character of land warfare after 1945. The high use of road transport meant that the British Second Army burned 7,600 tonnes (7,500 long tons) of petrol a day, but pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. TankDiary on Twitter The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. Temperatures were as low as 15C (5F) on 26 January, resulting in firm, frozen ground, but a subsequent thaw caused widespread flooding, and by 5 February a section of the Turnhout-Eindhoven road had become impassable even to four-wheel-drive vehicles. British Army of the Rhine (post First World War) B.A.F.S.V. [94] New lines continued to be laid, the last one being laid to Bocholt on 24 May. Evolution of the organisation of the 21st Army Group line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, Development of the line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany, Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation, British logistics in the Normandy campaign, British logistics in the Siegfried Line campaign, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Supply and Maintenance on the European Continent, Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, XVIII Corps (Airborne), Operation the Elbe to the Baltic, 27 April 1945 to 3 May 1945, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_logistics_in_the_Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany&oldid=1141771057, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:30. [51] Each of the assaulting infantry carried five days' supplies, and the armoured divisions carried six. It was decanted at Bocholt and transported by rail to No. [41] Pepperpot tactics involved supplementing the artillery fire with that of anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns, mortars and machine guns. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. Originally scheduled to start at the beginning of January 1945, when the ground would have been frozen, Operation Veritable, the 21st Army Group's advance to the Rhine, was delayed for five weeks by the German Ardennes Offensive. Includes a chapter on the creation of the postmodern regimental system between 1945 and 1970 against the backdrop of postwar austerity and the consequent reorganization and amalgamation of many regiments. This annotated bibliography presents the best quality scholarship relating to BAOR, from its inception until its replacement under the conditions of the 1994 Options for Change defense review with the twenty-five-thousand strong British Forces Germany. [79] Seven American combat engineer battalions assisted with road and bridge maintenance in the British Second Army area. Successive London governments, though often faced with bitter public and military opposition, tasked the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) to serve as a protecting force while strengthening West German integration into the Western defense structure. British Army of the Rhine: The BAOR, 1945-1993 (Cold War 1945-1991) The British Army of the Rhine - researchgate.net Four trains a day passed through Gevrey-Chambertin, which handled 72,550 personnel and 4,035 trucks. [5], As the potential threat of Soviet invasion across the North German Plain into West Germany increased, BAOR became more responsible for the defence of West Germany than its occupation. British Army Germany, is the superior institution under which the remaining installations of the British Forces Germany are organised after the completion of the withdrawal of the British Forces from Germany in February 2020. Not only was the 21st Army Group fighting alongside the much larger American armies, it had to deal with a severe shortage of manpower. This involved prodigious use of ammunition, fuel and equipment, which in turn demanded a first-class military logistics system. The four Army garrisons in Germany were under the direct administrative control of UKSC(G). [8], Administrative support for British service personnel in Germany and across continental Europe was delegated to United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), (UKSC(G)). BMH Munster BAOR Germany - QARANC Positioned on the North German Plain, it is the command element of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG). The offensive was supported by 600 field and 300 medium guns. The purpose of this site is to give people, still serving or not, the opportunity to look back at the places in Germany where they may have served over the years and also a view of the regiments and units which shaped them. Please appreciate that the site as a whole is, and probably always will be, subject to "Work In Progress", "Page Under Construction", "Page Under Revision", etc. The former held 200 rounds per gun of medium and 250 rounds per gun of heavy artillery ammunition, while the latter held 200 rounds per gun of medium and 150 rounds per gun of heavy artillery ammunition. [72][97], As the German forces crumbled before the Allied onslaught, the numbers of German prisoners of war grew to the point where orders were issued on 1 May that no more prisoners should be sent west of the Rhine. In addition to the road transport, the 21st Army Group also had barges capable of carrying 10,000 tonnes (10,000 long tons) of bulk POL. BMH Munster was one of several BAOR (British Army On The Rhine) army hospitals in Germany. List of battleships of the United States Navy, Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps, http://www.orbat.info/history/volume5/518/Original%20BAOR.pdf, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article187497575, http://baor-locations.org/historybaor.aspx.html, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1963/jan/30/baor-tactical-nuclear-weapons, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1967/mar/06/defence-army-estimates-1967-68-vote-a#S5CV0742P0_19670306_HOC_566, http://baor-locations.org/salamancabks.aspx.html, http://baor-locations.org/bournmouthbks.aspx.html, http://baor-locations.org/kingslybks.aspx.html, "British Army of the Rhine Order of Battle July 1989", https://www.orbat85.nl/documents/BAOR-July-1989.pdf, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Military units and formations established in 1945, Military units and formations disestablished in 1994, Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War I, Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War II, Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Two pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. This reduced the pressure on the road network, and also permitted stone for road works to be supplied by rail. British Army of the Rhine in English - French-English Dictionary | Glosbe ORIGINAL 1943 RAF WILHELMSHAVEN GERMANY MAP WAR BRITISH ARMY MILITARY WWII WW2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Posted 30 March , 2015. carndook. British Army Germany - Wikipedia [86] At Rees steel-piled class 40 and class 70 jetty bridges 490 metres (1,600ft) long and known as "Tyne" and "Tees" were built by the 50th GHQ Troops Engineers, and were opened on 23 May. These were manufactured locally in Brussels and fitted in Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) workshops. Captured German dumps held sufficient quantities of food for them, but they were not always easily accessible or distributable, so some had to be fed from 21st Army Group stocks, on a temporary ration scale of 1,100 calories (4,600J) per man per day. You can order records in advance to be ready for. Stores still required by the 21st Army Group were moved forward to the new advanced base, and the rest returned to the War Office for disposal. The position gained along the Roer was then taken over by the US Ninth Army. [78] These bridges carried maintenance traffic by day and operational traffic by night. [27], On 10 February, the 5th Canadian Armoured Division loaded its 450 tanks and 320 Bren gun carriers on flat wagons in Rimini and Riccione, from whence they moved by rail to Leghorn. [1] It was established following the Second World War, the largest parts of it becoming known as the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and RAF Germany (RAFG). Britain and Her Army, 15091970: A Military, Political, and Social Survey. As of 1 April 1989, the following amounts of troops were deployed around the world: 71,000 in Great Britain, 56,000 (of which the Berlin brigade makes up 3,000), 10,200 in Northern Ireland (including 3,200 on roulement), 5,000 in Hong Kong, 4,000 in the Lines of Communications counties (Netherlands . The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) was formed at the conclusion of World War II from various units of the British 21st Army Group. History of the British Army of the Rhine 06.09.14 - YouTube Check 'British Army of the Rhine' translations into Italian. CENTAG consisted, from north to south, of III GE Corps, V US Corps, VII US Corps, and II (GE) Corps in the extreme . Apart from the Alpine Training Centre Hubertus Haus in Oberstdorf, which is in Bavaria, British Army Germany is entirely based in North Rhine-Westphalia. [12] Civilian labour was utilised at the bases in a variety of tasks to enable military personnel to be released for service in forward areas. A new ordnance field park was formed to hold the equipment, which was shipped from the UK. Barnett, Correlli. Medium and heavy ammunition for units north of the Maas was stockpiled at Wijchen and that for those south of the Maas at Oss. Esempio di frase tradotta: Garrison/HQ JHQ Rheindahlen, Germany. The Kangaroo armoured personnel carriers and the Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles of the 79th Armoured Division were overhauled between January and March. This was never satisfactorily implemented, and confusion and duplication was created by the same requests for additional ammunition being made through multiple channels. 206 FMC. 166 FMC was developed from one formerly established there by the VIII Corps, although it had to be expanded as XXX Corps had over 200,000 troops under its command for Operation Veritable. A problem was encountered when defects were discovered in the tensioners of the 29th Armoured Brigade's new Comet tanks. Petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) was brought by ships and the Operation Pluto pipeline from the UK at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was over the pipelines, and delivered by barge and pipeline to the army roadheads. Their feeding was the responsibility of the German civilian population, but the British Army had to release a large number of NAAFI packs to displaced persons. [82][83], In the XXX Corps area, the engineer units were grouped under the 13th AGRE, under the command of Colonel F. C. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War and the other after the Second World War. The second British Army on the Rhine was formed on 25 August 1945 from 21st Army Group. It was the largest concentration of British armed forces permanently stationed outside the United Kingdom. zThis page represents the structure of the British Army in 1989, the last year of the Cold War. Initially, bulk POL was brought across the Rhine in tanker trucks at the rate of 1,000 tonnes (1,000 long tons) per day. REME Technical Services BAOR (British Army of the Rhine) 5 Infantry Workshop, Nijmegan Marchers 5 Infantry Workshop, Nijmegan Marchers At the beginning of March 1945, the 21st Army Group had bulk petrol transport capacity of about 2,700 tonnes (2,700 long tons) per day, assuming 80 per cent of the vehicles were running. Chieftain: The British Army of the Rhine, provides a complete array of British equipment and maneuver units, from Chieftain and Challenger tanks through MCV-80 and Saxon APCs. No. History of the british army of the rhine 06 09 14. The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. Fourteen transport platoons,[53] each of which operated thirty vehicles,[54] were taken from the formations to serve the corps's needs. This badge was adopted in 1940. The pipeline running from Cherbourg to Rouen was shut down on 9 January, which freed personnel to work on extending other pipelines. [28], The 25th Garrison assumed control of the RMA on 2 April, allowing the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area to take over the western part of North Brabant, and the 101st Beach Sub Area, which became the 21st Line of Communications Sub Area, took over the territory west of the Maas. The United States and the Middle East, 1945-2001, World War II in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Wikizero - British Army of the Rhine The British presence was estimated to have been contributing 1.5 billion euros annually to the German economy in 2004. By this time a thaw had set in, and the ground was now soft and muddy, restricting off-road vehicle movement. . [16] However, some training will still be undertaken in Germany with regard to NATO capability. An emergency repair effort was conducted, and many were shipped direct from the workshops to the front lines. Both stocked 200 rounds per gun of field artillery ammunition for the entire XXX Corps. No. This led to a scaling down of the British military presence, and a restructuring of command and support structures. 1950s British Army Rhine Royal Artillery Soldiers sergeant - eBay This included the 6th Airborne Division, but it was held by the seaborne tail. Whereas military considerations involved "questions of strategy, bases and force levels," the political response focused on the creation of defensive alliances. [52], Special tracks were provided for the Bren gun carriers to prevent skidding on icy roads, but these had to be withdrawn when it was discovered that they caused excessive wear and tear on their suspensions. The base workshops built a prototype trailer that provided more clearance, and the Navy ordered 25 of them. This page is a list of British Armies in WWII. This was a problem as its special equipment was not stocked. The first British bridge across the river was the class 9 FBE bridge, known as "Twist", in the XII Corps area, which was erected by the VIII Corps Troops Engineers in ten hours on 24 March. Traduzione di "British Army of the Rhine" in italiano . The airborne troops landed with two 24-hour ration packs, and the 6th Airborne Division's seaborne tail held two days of compo rations in second line transport. [74], The South Beveland Canal was opened on 19 February to allow inland water transport to reach the Dutch canal system when the western Netherlands were liberated. The extensive use of the German archives is commendable."--Ian F. W. Beckett, editor of Citizen Soldiers and the British Empire, 1837-1902 "Speiser provides a well-researched, lively account of how, not always successfully, after 1945 the British attempted to use their Rhine Army to win German hearts and minds.
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