It ended with a ceasefire and the establishment of a security zone policed by a three-way peacekeeping force of Russian, Transnistrian, and Moldovan personnel. Combaterea coruptiei, stabilitatea economica si intarirea institutiilor, singura cale catre succes", "Women Victims from Moldova From 1991 through 2008", "Country Comparison: Total Fertility Rate", "Biroul Naional de Statistic Comunicate de pres - Situaia copiilor n Republica Moldova", "Human Development Report 2009 Moldova", "As Health System Declined, TB Increased", "Former Soviet Nations, China Face High MDR-TB Prevalence, Study Says", "Understanding Migration, Emigration from Moldova", Moldovan Red Wines: The Best Red Wine on the Planet You Have Never Heard Of, "How This Tiny European Country Got the World's Worst Drinking Problem", "Moldova Declares Western Christmas Day Official Holiday", "Martisor, a Spring celebration for Eastern Europeans - FOREIGNERS IN UK", "Europe's poor relations show richness of spirit; Mark Souster visits Moldova and discovers a wealth of ambition at all levels in one of the game's new frontiers", S.Res.148 - A resolution to express the sense of the Senate that the United States should support the right to self-determination of the people of the Republic of Moldavia and northern Bucovina, autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Commission against Racism and Intolerance, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldova&oldid=1142489472, Romanian-speaking countries and territories, Russian-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1991, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro), Articles with dead external links from March 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles needing additional references from March 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with incomplete citations from December 2022, Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from October 2016, All articles that are excessively detailed, Wikipedia articles with style issues from October 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Date of proclamation. Serbia - $7,666. SunStroke Project featured again in the 2017 Eurovision entry "Hey Mama" which got third place.[230]. This gesture was to have unexpected consequences: Petru supplied the Polish ruler with funds needed in the war against the Teutonic Knights, and was granted control over Pokuttya until the debt was to be repaid; as this is not recorded to have been carried out, the region became disputed by the two states, until it was lost by Moldavia in the Battle of Obertyn (1531). The sole international air gateway of Moldova is the Chiinu International Airport. The most successful football club is Sheriff Tiraspol, the first and only Moldovan club to qualify for the group stage of the Champions League and the Europa League. Answer (1 of 10): Romania isn't the only non Slavic country . Christmas is celebrated either on 7 January, the traditional date in Old Calendarists Eastern Orthodox Churches, or on 25 December, with both dates being recognized as public holidays. It did not happen for instance with Bulgars. Moldova is a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic. Moldova made its Olympic debut at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. Locals referred to the principality as Moldova - like the present-day republic and Romania's north-eastern region. According to IMF World Economic Outlook April 2014, the Moldovan GDP (PPP) per capita is 3,927 International Dollars,[167][168] excluding grey economy and tax evasion. Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001-09 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. [217] Health expenditure was US$138 (PPP) per capita in 2004. Between the first and seventh centuries AD, the south came intermittently under the control of the Roman and then the Byzantine Empires. [18] Miletii Mici is the home of the largest wine cellar in the world. As of 2016, Moldova's population was slightly above 4 million people. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, Bessarabia briefly became an autonomous state within the Russian Republic. The new Russian province was called Oblast of Moldavia and Bessarabia, and initially enjoyed a large degree of autonomy. Soon after, the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian SSR, MSSR) was established,[55] comprising about 65% of Bessarabia, and 50% of the now-disbanded Moldavian ASSR (the present-day Transnistria). The matter of whether or not Moldovan is a separate language continues to be contested politically within and beyond the Republic of Moldova. Corporate governance in the banking sector is a major concern. 8b/2013 i 41b/2013)", "Population Census 2004: Population by main nationalities, mother tongue and language usually spoken", National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova, "Structure of population by language usually used for communication and age groups on 2014 census", "English the most preferred foreign language among Moldovan students", "DN Carnevale - A Context-Grounded Approach to Religious Freedom: The Case of Orthodoxy in the Moldovan Republic", "2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Moldova", "Bologna Process Template for National Reports: 20052007 (Moldova)", "Romnia ofer tinerilor moldoveni 5.000 de burse n licee i universiti", "Presedintele Klaus Iohannis l-a primit, la Suceava, pe Nicolae Timofti: "Republica Moldova isi poate implini destinul doar in Uniunea Europeana. The states made up of the Slavs account for about 50% of the territory of Europe. [63] The Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova is assessing the activity of the communist totalitarian regime. Political dissidents from Ilacu Group were released from arbitrary detention in the break-away Transdinester region only after an order of the European Court of Human Rights. "[130], According to Amnesty International, as of 2004 "Torture and other ill-treatment in police detention remained widespread; the state failed to carry out prompt and impartial investigations and police officers sometimes evaded penalties. In February 1918, it declared independence and then integrated into Romania later that year following a vote of its assembly. [84] However, on 8 June, the NOW Platform DA and PAS reached an agreement with the Socialist party forming a government led by Maia Sandu as the new prime minister, pushing the Democratic Party out of power. Many families have their own recipes and grape varieties that have been passed down through the generations. The song received a lot of airplay and reached number one place on the charts in Moldova as well as Russia. [139] The lowest temperature ever recorded was 35.5C (31.9F) on 20 January 1963 in Brtueni, Edine county. It has, furthermore, implemented many structural and institutional reforms that are indispensable for the efficient functioning of a market economy. Following a period of political instability and massive public protests, a new government led by Pavel Filip was invested in January 2016. Archaeological research has identified the location of 13th-century fortified settlements in this region. [132], According to Human Rights Report of the United States Department of State, released in April 2011, "In contrast to the previous year, there were no reports of killings by security forces. The gross average monthly salary in the Republic of Moldova has registered a steady positive growth after 1999, being 5906 lei or 298 euros in 2018. [152] Moldova's remarkable recovery from the severe recession of 2009 was largely the result of sound macroeconomic and financial policies and structural reforms. The largest city in Moldova is Chiinu with a population of 635,994 people. At the 2014 census (which did not include data from the Transnistrian region), 54.7% of the population named Moldovan whereas 24.0% named Romanian as their first language in daily use. The country finally achieved its political independence from the Soviet Union in August 1991. The National Library of Moldova was founded in 1832. The Giurgiuleti terminal on the Danube is compatible with small seagoing vessels. [64], In the region east of the Dniester river, Transnistria, which includes a large proportion of predominantly russophone East Slavs of Ukrainian (28%) and Russian (26%) descent (altogether 54% as of 1989), an independent Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed on 16 August 1990, with its capital in Tiraspol. While most of the country is hilly, elevations never exceed 430m (1,411ft) the highest point being the Blneti Hill. Slovenia - 2,060,000. Moldova River The history of what is today Moldova has been intertwined with that of Poland for centuries. [149] Moldova is currently interested in expanding their wisent population, and began talks with Belarus in 2019 regarding a bison exchange program between the two countries. In November 2014, Moldova's central bank took control of Banca de Economii, the country's largest lender, and two smaller institutions, Banca Sociala and Unibank. Due to the temporarily suspended militaty conflict with the Pridnestrovian Republic, this country was known as the last hot spot in Europe, until recent conflicts in Ukraine. Today, the Bulgarians form one of the most solid elements in Southern Bessarabia, numbering (with the Gagauzes, i.e., Turkish-speaking Christians also from the Dobrudja) nearly 150,000. 21 November]1917. [227], Most retail businesses close on New Year's Day and Independence Day, but remain open on all other holidays. Moldova portal. The urbanization rate was 69.9%. [218] According to a 2009 study, Moldova was struggling with one of the highest incidence rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the world. In 2000, the Constitution was amended, transforming Moldova into a parliamentary republic, with the president being chosen through indirect election rather than direct popular vote. World War I brought in a rise in political and cultural (ethnic) awareness among the inhabitants of the region, as 300,000 Bessarabians were drafted into the Russian Army formed in 1917; within bigger units several "Moldavian Soldiers' Committees" were formed. Moldova is a little land-locked country squeezed in between Northern Romania and Southern Ukraine with 2,6 million inhabitants. [136] The final status of Transnistria is disputed, as the central government does not control that territory. Because of the irregular terrain, heavy summer rains often cause erosion and river silting. An anti-government protests in front of the general prosecutor's headquarters in Moldova's capital, Chiinu. [64][66] In 1989, as opposition to the Communist Party grew, there were major riots in November. language is a Romance language with Latin roots but with significant Slavic influences. But there live also about 30% of Russians, Ucraineans and some smaller minorities which are non-slavic. In November 2013, Moldova initialed an Association Agreement with the EU which includes provisions establishing a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA). 40,592 of them perished.[57]. Gagauz, Russian, and Ukrainian languages are granted official regional status in Gagauzia and/or Transnistria . Resisting pre-election pressures for selective spending increases and returning to the path of fiscal consolidation would reduce reliance on exceptionally high donor support. It does not have nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological weapons. [223] The largest ethnic group, which had come to identify itself widely as "Moldovan" by the 14th century, played a significant role in the shaping of classical Romanian culture. This article is about the modern state. In addition, 7.0% of the population declared themselves Romanians, amid the controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova. Despite the hardships and deprivations the national team are ranked 34th in the world. Carla's Dreams reached the top charts in multiple countries in Europe with the release of their song "Sub Pielea Mea" in 2016. The western border of Moldova is formed by the Prut river, which joins the Danube before flowing into the Black Sea. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}47N 29E / 47N 29E / 47; 29. [127] On 23 June 2022, Moldova was officially granted candidate status by EU leaders.[128]. Notably, Moldova is the country with the highest alcohol consumption per capita in world, at 15.2 litres (4.0USgal) of pure alcohol imbibed in 2016. As of 1 January 2016, the population of Republic of Moldova was estimated to be 4,067,485 people. With the nationalist Popular Front now in a parliamentary minority, new measures aiming to moderate the ethnic tensions in the country could be adopted. The official language is Romanian. Moldova has been an official candidate for membership in the European Union since June 2022. Since 2004, playing numbers at all levels have more than doubled to 3,200. [64] The motives behind this move were fear of the rise of nationalism in Moldova. ", "Pro-Russia candidate Igor Dodon to win Moldova presidential election | DW | 13 November 2016", "Moldova Faces Turmoil as Court Outlaws New Govt", "A Constitutional Crisis in Moldova Produces an Unexpected Alliance", "Moldova Had Two Governments. A strong Western European influence in Moldovan literature and arts was prevalent in the 19th century. Between 2 March and 26 July 1992, the conflict escalated into a military engagement. [142] Forests currently cover only 11% of Moldova, though the state is making efforts to increase their range. Around 50% of ethnic Ukrainians, 33% of Gagauz, 33% of Bulgarians, and 5.7% of Moldovans declared Russian as their daily use language. In accordance with the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812, and despite numerous protests by Moldavian nobles on behalf of the sovereignty of their principality, the Ottoman Empire (of which Moldavia was a vassal) ceded to the Russian Empire the eastern half of the territory of the Principality of Moldavia along with Khotyn and old Bessarabia (modern Budjak), which Russia had already conquered and annexed. [144] The movement is national representative of the Center "Naturopa" of the Council of Europe and United Nations Environment Programme of the United Nations. The influence of Romania's Slavic neighbors on the language continued. [64] New governments were formed by Vasile Tarlev (19 April 2001 31 March 2008), and Zinaida Greceani (31 March 2008 14 September 2009). The president appoints a prime minister who functions as the head of government, and who in turn assembles a cabinet, both subject to parliamentary approval. The dog's name, given to the river, extended to the principality.[22]. However, delays in policy implementation prevented completion of the final reviews under the ECF/EFF arrangements. [34][full citation needed] Moldavian chronicler Grigore Ureche mentions that in 1584 some Moldavian villages from beyond the Dniester in the Kingdom of Poland were attacked and plundered by Cossacks. [e] The Moldavian proportion of the population decreased from an estimated 86% in 1816,[42] to around 52% in 1905. [citation needed] In the winter of 19911992, clashes occurred between Transnistrian forces, supported by elements of the 14th Guards Army, and the Moldovan police. Austrians are Germanic, not Slavic; Hungarians are not Slavic, neither are Romanians or Greeks. Moldova has signed the Association Agreement and the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the European Union during summer 2014. The country became the first post-Soviet state where a non-reformed Communist Party returned to power. Moldova joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's Partnership for Peace on 16 March 1994. On 26 December 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. [26] In 1164, the future Byzantine emperor Andronikos I Komnenos, while attempting to reach the Principality of Halych, was taken prisoner by Vlachs, possibly in the area which now constitutes Moldova. Crossing the Carpathian mountains in 1359, the voivode took control of Moldavia and succeeded in creating Moldavia as an independent political entity. In 2015 a new musical project by the name of Carla's Dreams has risen in popularity around Moldova. Over the 19th century, the Russian authorities encouraged the colonization of Bessarabia or parts of it by Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Bulgarians, Poles, and Gagauzes, primarily in the northern and southern areas vacated by Turks and Nogais, the latter having been expelled in the 1770s and 1780s, during the Russo-Turkish Wars;[d][38][37][39][40] the inclusion of the province in the Pale of Settlement also allowed the immigration of more Bessarabian Jews. Ialpug flows into one of the Danube limans, while Coglnic into the Black Sea chain of limans. [20], The name Moldova is derived from the Moldova River (German: Moldau); the valley of this river served as a political centre at the time of the foundation of the Principality of Moldavia in 1359. Its capital city is Chiinu, located in the south-central part of the country. With a per capita GNI of $3,540, Ukraine is the poorest country in Europe as of 2020. [121][full citation needed], On 29 November 2013, at a summit in Vilnius, Moldova signed an association agreement with the European Union dedicated to the European Union's 'Eastern Partnership' with ex-Soviet countries. Moldova has 66 cities (towns), including 13 with municipality status, and 916 communes. Shipping on the lower Prut and Nistru rivers plays only a modest role in the country's transportation system. Reconomica ", "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Moldova, of the other part", "Download entire World Economic Outlook database", "This Massive Underground City is Filled With Wine", "Legea cu privire la seciile pentru reforma agrar n cadrul organelor de autoadministrare local ale Republicii Moldova Nr.129 din 02.03.92, Monitorul Oficial nr.3/80, 1992", R. Moldova are deja peste dou milioane de utilizatori ai serviciilor de telefonie mobil, "Orange launches HD mobile phone service", "the Government approved the licensing of 4G / LTE for mobile operators", Strengthening Social Cohesion and a Common Identity in the Republic of Moldova, "Statistical Yearbook of Moldova 2017: Results of the 2004 Population Census: 2. Ethnic Germans left in 1940. Russia has the highest number of Slavs in the world, totaling 143 million. [148], Another animal which was extinct in Moldova since the 18th century until recently was the European Wood Bison or wisent. Cum a evoluat economia Republicii Moldova n ultimii 20 de ani. On 23 June 1990, the Parliament adopted the Declaration of Sovereignty of the "Soviet Socialist Republic Moldova", which, among other things, stipulated the supremacy of Moldovan laws over those of the Soviet Union. For the historical principality, see, Romanian language (Moldovan) by district (2014), Union with Romania and the return of the Russians, Reincorporation into Romania and the Soviet occupation, Transnistria breaks away (1990 to present). The 1989 Language Law of the Moldavian SSR, which is still in effect in Moldova, according to the Constitution, asserts a "linguistic Moldo-Romanian identity". Another popular band from Moldova is Zdob i Zdub that represented the country in the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest, finishing sixth, also in 2021, with a similar result. [173], In September 2009, Moldova was the first country in the world to launch high-definition voice services (HD voice) for mobile phones, and the first country in Europe to launch 14.4 Mbit/s mobile broadband on a national scale, with over 40% population coverage. The assembly pressured the authorities of the Moldavian SSR to adopt a language law on 31 August 1989 that proclaimed the Moldovan language written in the Latin script to be the state language of the MSSR. The Principality of Moldavia was bounded by the Carpathian Mountains in the west, the Dniester River in the east, and the Danube River and Black Sea to the south. She took tenth place with 109 points. Amendments to the Constitution affecting the state's sovereignty, independence, or unity can only be made after a majority of voters support the proposal in a referendum. Around 80% of the Moldovan population speak Moldovan as their first language. The culture has been also influenced by the Byzantine culture, the neighbouring Magyar and Slavic populations, and later by the Ottoman Turks. [91] In December 2020, Prime Minister Ion Chicu, who had led a pro-Russian government since November 2019, resigned a day before Sandu was sworn in. [18] However, the strip of Moldovan territory on the east bank of the Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990. Nicolae Juravschi represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Seoul Games, winning two medals. The independence of the Principality of Moldavia came when Bogdan I, another Vlach voivode from Maramure who had fallen out with the Hungarian king, crossed the Carpathian mountains in 1359 and took control of Moldavia, wresting the region from Hungary. In the 11th century, a Viking by the name of Rodfos was possibly killed in the area by the Blakumen who betrayed him. [186], According to the last census in Transnistria (October 2015), the population of the region was 475,373, a 14.47% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2004 census. [70][71][72], In August 2009, four Moldovan parties (Liberal Democratic Party, Liberal Party, Democratic Party, and Our Moldova Alliance) agreed to create the Alliance For European Integration that pushed the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova into opposition. [191][192] The Constitution of 1994 stated that the national language of the Republic of Moldova was Moldovan, and its writing is based on the Latin alphabet. The theme of the musical group is "Anonymous" as they perform with painted faces, hoodies and sunglasses. Moldova lies between latitudes 45 and 49 N, and mostly between meridians 26 and 30 E (a small area lies east of 30). His brother Roman I conquered the Hungarian-ruled Cetatea Alb in 1392, giving Moldavia an outlet to the Black Sea, before being toppled from the throne for supporting Fyodor Koriatovych in his conflict with Vytautas the Great of Lithuania. Moldovameaning the former sovjet republic of Moldova, which is a smaller part of the Romanian historical province of Moldova, is a state. To distinguish the two, during the Soviet period, Moldovan was written in the Cyrillic alphabet, in contrast with Romanian, which since 1860 had been written in the Latin alphabet. This area of present-day Moldova was inhabited by ancient Dacians and Moldovans identify themselves with their ancestors. Trnt (a form of wrestling) is the national sport in Moldova. Officially, the name Republic of Moldova is designated by the United Nations. [140], Phytogeographically, Moldova is split between the East European Plain and the PonticCaspian steppe of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. Moldova has a climate which is moderately continental; its proximity to the Black Sea leads to the climate being mildly cold in the autumn and winter and relatively cool in the spring and summer.[138]. Due to its strategic location on a route between Asia and Europe, the territory of modern Moldova experienced many invasions in late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, notably by Goths, Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Magyars, Pechenegs, Cumans, Mongols and Tatars. More than 10,000 supporters turn out for home internationals. Zamoyski reinstalled Ieremia Movil to the throne, who put the country under the vassalage of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. In 2005, Moldova and the European Union established an action plan that sought to improve cooperation between Moldova and the union. If you look at Slavic languages, there is a decent degree of mutual intelligibility, especially from languages that border each other. [16] It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. Although historical, the polarization based on ethnolinguistic criteria of the majority ethnic group reappeared with the national revival movement of the late 1980s, and, so far, there is no consensus regarding the mainstream identity in the Republic of Moldova (Moldovan or Romanian).[177][178]. Most of Moldova's Jewish population emigrated between 1979 and 2004. The Slavs speak mainly Indo-European Slavic Language. The Treaty of Paris (1856) returned the southern part of Bessarabia (later organised as the Cahul, Bolgrad and Ismail counties) to Moldavia, which remained an autonomous principality and, in 1859, united with Wallachia to form Romania.
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