There's Lafitte's Treasure Casino right off the Grand Coteau exit on I-49; Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve Acadian-Cultural Center and the Lafitte Oaks on Jefferson Island, where the pirate is said to have buried some of his treasure. The Spanish ships were heavily armed privateers or warships and returned heavy fire. The fortune is said to have been stolen from the Spanish by Jean Lafitte. A family in Baytown, Texas tell their story as they believe they found one of Lafittes sunken ships. Watch an alligator bask on a bayou's bank. Lafitte then was supposed to have buried Napoleon in the town of Lafittes Perrin Cemetery; later Jones and Lafitte himself supposedly were buried there. Is his last name spelled Lafi tte or Laffi te? He was a reserved man and remained largely . Title Smuggler. Suzanne Johnson features a living Lafitte in her urban fantasy series, Jean Laffite is a character in the historical fiction novel Ashes & Ecstasy by Catherine Hart, Published March 1st 2000 by Leisure Books (first published November 1st 1985), In the 1960s and 70s a barefoot cartoon pirate named, Lafitte: the pirate of the Gulf a book from 1836, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 13:45. Lafitte's men identified slave ships and captured them. For the first time, it was made available for research. Jean Lafitte was a French pirate and privateer who operated from New Orleans, Louisiana. The ship's kitchen stove was found intact. Lafitte's ship is called "The Pride," but that's something they've already found. The crew would create a manifest that listed not the provisions that had been purchased, but smuggled items stored at Barataria. The captured schooner was not considered useful for piracy and so after they had unloaded its cargo, the Lafittes returned the ship to its former captain and crew. Jean Lafitte was also offered a position in the British Royal Navy as a captain. Lafitte and several of his men rowed to meet them halfway. The most notorious New Orleans smuggler and gentleman pirate was Jean Lafitte. [40], Claiborne appealed to the new state legislature, citing the lost revenues due to the smuggling. The business was so profitable because Lafitte was selling smuggled, foreign goods to the people of New Orleans. In exchange, the king asked for Lafitte and his forces to promise to assist in the naval fight against the United States and to return any recent property that had been captured from Spanish ships. To this day, His life and death remain as mysterious as the swamps and bayous of Barataria. A number of details about Jean Lafitte's early life remain obscure and often sources contradict each other. [15] The Lafitte brothers began to look for another port from which they could smuggle goods to local merchants. [20] As the schooner did not have an official commission from a national government, its captain was considered a pirate operating illegally. These questions Jack C. Ramsay, who published a 1996 biography of Lafitte, says, "this was a convenient time to be a native of France, a claim that provided protection from the enforcement of American law". On this occasion Lafitte's ship had been in dire danger of attack as he prepared to enter the Calcasieu Pass, for he found that the New Orleans revenue cutter "Lynx" was engaged in antislaving patrols between him and the mouth of . He and his older brother Pierre spelled their last name Laffite, but English language documents of the time used "Lafitte". says that a swamp in the Natalbany River in Springfield, Louisiana, was drained Although General Andrew Jackson, commander of the American troops, originally described Lafitte as a hellish banditti, he finally accepted Lafittes help because of the ammunition, cannoneers, and knowledge of the area Lafi tte could supply. The Mystery of the Final Years of Jean Lafitte . By 1810 he was in Louisiana with his older brother Pierre. New Orleans issued six such letters, primarily to smugglers who worked with Lafitte at Barataria. This has become the common spelling in the United States, including places named after him.[1]. [44], McWilliam brought two letters in his packet for Lafitte: one, under the seal of King George III, offered Lafitte and his forces British citizenship and land grants in the British colonies in the Americas (by then, these consisted of islands in the Caribbean and territory in Upper and Lower Canada). Later United States President James Madison pardoned him and his men for their acts of piracy. Britain maintained a powerful navy, but the United States had little naval power. For the town named after him, see. He was chased all over the Gulf of Mexico by the U.S. Navy, all his ships burned except for his flagship, The Pride. Even the date and place of his birth and death are unknown. [19] When Claiborne returned to office, he was relatively quiet on the subject. Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop is named after him. Lafitte tried to convince the Americans that they had nothing to fear from him. [32] Because the US Navy did not have enough ships to act against the Baratarian smugglers, the government turned to the courts. that the treasure was on board one of Lafittes vessels and sank to the ocean Jean Lafitte In a personal note, Lafitte reminded Blanque that his brother Pierre was still in jail and deserved an early release. [51], On September 23, Patterson and his fleet, including the eight captured ships, began the return trip to New Orleans. States officials granted him legal authority to pirate and capture British The Barataria chief then had 1100 men under his . LINCOLNTON, N.C. (WBTV) - In the 1820s, pirate Jean Laffite, a smuggler from the Gulf Coast area in Louisiana, allegedly faked his death. [55] Jackson responded, "I ask you, Louisianans, can we place any confidence in the honor of men who have courted an alliance with pirates and robbers? . He vowed his intention to make indiscriminate war upon all God . Another site near Niblett's Bluff, 40 Gums, had previously been searched. [6] According to Ramsay, Lafitte's widowed mother migrated with her two sons, the elder Pierre and Jean, from Saint-Domingue to New Orleans in the 1780s. Families with the surname Lafitte have been found in Louisiana documents from 1765. Back in 1915, a city worker in New Orleans found a chest that was filled with over 1,500 . Lafitte escaped. A smuggler of epic proportions, Jean Lafitte had an army of privateers with as many as 1,000 men ultimately making him an invaluable asset for America in the War of 1812. below! Jean Laffite, Laffite also spelled Lafitte, (born 1780?, Francedied 1825? Some historians recount that Lafitte went back to a life of crime, leaving the Following Lafitte's departure from the Texas coast in 1821, James and Mary Campbell remained in the region, ultimately settling on a plot of about 1500 acres at Campbell's Bayou (Articles, 1998). Josh Gates investigates the legends swirling around the storied life and death of French pirate Jean Lafitte who is reputed to have buried treasure at sites in coastal Louisiana. The benefits of Jean Lafitte agreement to the British were numerous and well calculated. [60], On December 23, advance units of the British fleet reached the Mississippi River. Inside a tunnel stylized as pirate's cattacombs would've led to Laffite's old hideout, a capsized ship in Sawyer's island. [42], Following the charges of November 10, 1812, and subsequent arrest and jailing of his brother Pierre, Jean Lafitte operated the piracy and smuggling business. British forces sought access to the Mississippi River to gain control of the interior of the US. He could have stashed some treasure somewhere along the Eastern shore. [10], Sources indicate that Lafitte was sharp and resourceful, but also handsome and friendly, enjoying drinking, gambling, and women. The smuggler became the lawful owner of the slaves and could resell them in New Orleans, or transport them for sale in other parts of the Deep South, which was the major slave market of the time. Orleanshe did not disappoint. [41] The legislature appointed a committee to study the matter but, as most of their constituents benefitted by the smuggling, they never authorized the militia. (Davis (2005), p. 436). Before we dive The Mystery of the Final Years of Jean Lafitte . There are many stories about what happened to Lafitte and where he died. ships as a last-ditch effort to gain an advantage in the pivotal Battle of New Lafitte may have had as many as 1000 people working for him, including free men of color and runaway slaves. [48] He had also been told in August that American officials were planning an assault on Barataria with forces under the command of Commodore Daniel Patterson. The Spanish ships appeared to be fleeing but at 10:00 pm turned back for a frontal counterattack against Lafitte's ship. Retired Avenger, current NFL free agent. Jean's brother Pierre Lafitte died on the way to Dzilam and he was buried in Dzilam in an old cemetery, which later eroded into the sea. The smuggling operations of the well-known privateer eventually came to a screeching halt, though, when the United States began enforcing the embargo in New Orleans city limits some time after the act passed. Jean was sent to Galveston Island, a part of Spanish Texas that served as the home base of Louis-Michel Aury, a French privateer who claimed to be a Mexican revolutionary. Though much of his life has been obscured by legend and time, the story of 19th-century French pirate Jean Lafitte is nonetheless one of intrigue, crime, and heroics. So, where could In his disputed memoir work, Journal de Jean Lafitte, Lafitte claims to have been born in Bordeaux, France, in 1780, the child of Sephardic Jewish parents whose converso grandmother and mother . [81]. Collectively they were known as "Number thirteen". Jean Lafitte was a pirate and privateer known for his smuggling operations. In the popular Japanese manga/anime series, Jean Laffite is a character in the historical fiction novels, Jean Lafitte is a character in the (2014) science-fiction, mystery novel, Tom Cooper uses Lafitte's and treasure in his novel. Louisiana's most well-known buried treasure mystery still to this day is the unfound treasure of Jean Lafitte. This information begs the question, though, How did Jean Lafitte have treasure in the first place, and if he did, why would he leave it behind?. His men tore down the existing houses and built 200 new, sturdier structures. Our exclusive brands & quality merchandise are created to inspire a unique & recognizable Joie de vivre~Pirate Lifestyle with worldwide appeal! His men burned the Maison Rouge, fortress, and settlement. the treasure be today? The marker was erected in 1965 by the Texas Historical Commission. The stairs run beside it. 70130, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. in south Louisianas bayous for so long, Lafitte had also become an expert with Galveston after his adventures in Louisiana. [118][Note 4], Lafitte is paid tribute at Disneyland by a ship anchor monument with an accompanying plaque found in New Orleans Square. This area had been famous for smuggling even before privateers arrived in 1810 to use the deep water harbor of Barataria Bay. 3. As JeanLafitte.net explains, in 1948, a man named John Andrechyne Laflin went to the Missouri Historical Society with a document called The Journal of Jean Lafitte, which he claimed was the authentic memoir and scrapbook of the famed pirate. knowledge (or educated guess) of Lafitte being the best privateer around, United We use cookies to provide you with the best possible browsing experience. In late 1815 and early 1816, the Lafitte brothers agreed to act as spies for Spain, which was embroiled in the Mexican War of Independence. Other documents of the period place his birthplace as St. Malo or Brest. On January 21, Jackson issued a statement praising his troops, especially the cannoneers and "Captains Dominique and Beluche, lately commanding privateers of Barataria, with part of their former crews and many brave citizens of New Orleans, were stationed at Nos. [93], In June 1822, Lafitte approached the officials in the Great Colombia, whose government under General Simn Bolvar had begun commissioning former privateers as officers in its new navy. These Letters of Marque would give the Captains and Crew permission to capture and steal the ship and cargo of the issuing government's enemies. The headquarters consisted of a two-storey building facing the inland harbor, where landings were made. At its height, the colonists and privateers earned millions of dollars annually from stolen or smuggled coin and goods. [68] Two weeks into his stay, the two leaders of the revolutionaries left the island. Was he a pirate, a patriot, or both? Stories of any leads as to where Lafittes treasure might be? Slaves captured in such actions who were turned over to the customs office would be sold within the United States, with half the profits going to the people who turned them in. One of Lafitte's men testified that the Baratarians had never intended to fight the US but had prepared their vessels to flee. His reading and writing abilities, therefore, remain unclear. [116] Handwriting analysis experts affirmed that conclusion. [5], Lafitte's native language was clearly French, though the specific dialect is a matter of some debate. [7] Lafitte likely helped his brother to sell or trade the captured merchandise. [22] The Lafittes gained a reputation for treating captive crew members well and often returned captured ships to their original crew. He was accompanied by six gunboats and a tender. [24] They outfitted it with 12 fourteen-pounder cannons. Louisiana historians know Jean Lafitte as the pirate who, shortly before Christmas in 1814, surrendered his plunder to fight alongside Colonel Andrew Jackson to save the City of New Orleans. [5][12] He was known to adopt more aristocratic mannerisms and dress than most of his fellow privateers. "It started for us with this family story," Cody Hix said. 2. The Baratarians invited the British officers to row to their island. Louisiana State University alumnus (Geaux Tigers), fanatic of all things sports, pugs, and Star Wars, and teller of the occasional dad joke. Lafitte decided to warn American authorities and offered to help defend New Orleans in exchange for a pardon for his men. SS Jean Lafitte may refer to one of two Type C2-S-E1 ships built by Gulf Shipbuilding for the United States Maritime Commission: . I'm proud of them for digging into it," Tony Hix said. Having lived . Lafitte proved an invaluable ally for the United States in the War of 1812 and the 1815 Battle of New Orleans, assisting General Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) to victory against the British. You will see it gets its name from the treasure being buried there. He heads off to a plantation (as a legend says that . [5] No samples of his writing survive, except his signature; his surviving letters were always written by a secretary. Louisiana is not exclusive to rumors of the treasures whereabouts too, as It was specifically intended to prohibit trade with the United Kingdom, as tensions were increasing between the two countries. What did the USS Enterprise do to Jean Lafitte? Jean Henri Laffite's father, Jean Louis Laffite, was a ship captain who died on August 1, 1782, aboard the privateer ship "EL POSTILION" during a hurricane in route . In 1807 the United States outlawed trade with Great Britain and France because of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. Jean Lafitte was the youngest of eight children (five boys and three girls). They had 3 children together: Jean Antoine Lafitte, Lucien Jean Lafitte, and Denise Jeanette Lafitte. The man also owned documents claiming Lafi tte lived until the 1850s and was buried in Alton, Illinois. [87] The congressional delegation in Louisiana began to demand that the federal government do something to halt the smuggling, and more US Navy ships were sent to the Gulf. even tales that the treasure was not intentionally buried. [53], Likely inspired by Lafitte's offer to help defend Louisiana, Governor Claiborne wrote the US Attorney General, Richard Rush requesting a pardon for the Baratarians, saying that for generations, smugglers were "esteemed honest [and] sympathy for these offenders is certainly more or less felt by many of the Louisianans". [64] He formally requested clemency for the Lafittes and the men who had served under them. Within a short period, Lafitte's men abandoned their ships, set several on fire, and fled the area. I was living in high island Texas .mostly driving the beach further east to sea rim. Britain and the United States declared war in June 1812, but until 1814, most of the fighting took place on the east coast or northern border of the United States. Jean Lafitte was a French pirate and privateer who operated in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 19th century. Later, in return for a legal pardon, Laffite and his fleet helped General Andrew Jackson during the Battle of New Orleans to defend the city during the War of 1812. [54] According to Ramsay, Claiborne next wrote to General Andrew Jackson, "implying Patterson had destroyed a potential first line of defense for Louisiana" by his capture of Lafitte and his ships. Like a little wooden barrel. For the Hix boys, the legend of Jean Lafitte was always their family's little secret. Those looking for Gold, Diamonds, Jewelry etc wont find it. Jean Lafitte, a one-time resident of Louisiana and privateer, is believed by some to have buried a large cache of treasure somewhere in the bayous of Louisiana. Wounded in the battle, Lafitte is believed to have died just after dawn on February 5. Like Barataria, Galveston was a seaward island that protected a large inland bay. The law left several loopholes, giving permission to any ship to capture a slave ship, regardless of the country of origin. [77], At its peak the colony had more than two thousand inhabitants and 120 separate structures. Within two days of his offer, handbills were posted all over New Orleans offering a similar award for the arrest of the governor. Jean Lafitte was a Franco-American privateer captain and pirate of the Caribbean sea who operated off of Baratia Bay, Louisiana in the early 19th century. He and his elder brother, Pierre, spelled their last name Laffite, but English-language documents of the time used "Lafitte", and this is the commonly seen spelling in the United States, including for places named for him. You would eventually merge onto the hold of a buried ship on Tom Sawyers Island. It's not known who her father was. Sale of the slaves and additional cargo generated $18,000 in profits. The city of Cartagena in present-day Colombia had rebelled against Spain and gave permission through letters of marque for privateers, including Lafittes men, to capture Spanish ships and the goods and slaves on board. [52], Following the custom of the times, Patterson filed a legal claim for the profits from the confiscated ships and merchandise. scrambling to find answers. According to his 2005 book, Lafitte was born in or near Pauillac, France, the son of Pierre Lafitte and his second wife, Marguerite Desteil. Most of the people were locals, from Lafourche Parish, the southern part, mainly Cut Off and Larose and the Gheens area, and also from the Des Allemands location. Located 25 minutes from downtown New Orleans, Jean Lafitte Swamp Tours has been operating daily bayou tours since the 1980s. The legend of Jean Lafitte survives in the history and mystery of south Louisiana, where Lafi ttes bayous and backwaters still meander toward the Gulf of Mexico. Ramsay believes that Lafitte died of a fever in 1826 or 1827 on, Ramsay believes the documents were written by Laflin's ancestor, Matthew Laflin (18031854), who may have convinced his descendants that he was Jean Lafitte. "Jean Laffite Revealed". Could it be that there were multiple burial locations [99], Ramsay compares the numerous legends related to the life and death of Jean Lafitte to those about King Arthur and Robin Hood. It reads that a cache of ancient gold coins was found near Jefferson island. [59] With Lafitte's encouragement, many of his men joined the New Orleans militia or as sailors to man the ships. "Very few shipwrecks have been found that still have the stove intact," Irion said. Lafitte for a time lived a lavish lifestyle, complete with servants and the finest housewares and other accoutrements.[78]. When a giant storm hit the region, the raft was washed away and destroyed. War & Affiliation War of 1812 / American. Jean lists his age as 32 and his birthplace as . 5, 7. (Spain had become an ally of the British against the French.) With the They will haunt you in your dreams for making a In the 1950s, a man claiming to be a descendant of Lafitte published The Journal of Jean Laffite. The journal was republished in the 1990s as The Memoirs of Jean Laffite. A major theme in the memoir/journal is Lafittes change of heart from slave trader to anti-slavery activist. It also mentions reports of larger sums of the treasure being buried in the appropriately-named small town of Lafitte, Louisiana. Merchants and planters came to Barataria for auctions, which Lafitte held outside New Orleans to avoid the law. [50], The US ordered an attack on Lafitte's colony. Theres Found bones of mamouth and Indian tools. The prizes that Lafitte took were slaves, cotton, commodities, etc. With his business carrying on and continuing to grow, so did his wealth. Switching gears back to Louisiana, this Jean Lafitte tale quotes a former student of Mount Carmel Academy in New Orleans stating that the treasure is buried near an oak tree on the schools campus. Although not part of the original proposal from Percy, Lockyer added an extra $30,000 if Lafitte would not only assist in the battle against New Orleans but also against Mobile. When they had disembarked and were surrounded by his men, Lafitte identified himself to them. He found his first Spanish gold coin in the year 2017. He was born in Port-au-Prince on the Caribbean island now known as Haiti, where his father was a tanner who made a comfortable enough living to educate his sons well. $130,000 of Jean Lafitte's treasure is thought to be buried near Bolivar Point. Could it be A hurricane in September resulted in flooding of most of the island, and several people died. Catiche became pregnant and gave birth to their son, Jean Pierre, on November 4, 1815. His maternal grandfather had been executed by the Inquisition for "Judaizing". This story was told to me several years ago by a man in his 80 s Back in 1940 or 41 two men hired to clean up around what is said to be Lafittes red house disapeared after a few days. The men working for Lafitte were called Baratarians because the waterways they used for smuggling were located in an area called Barataria (the Barataria Preserve of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve is located in this area). It was stuck in the crack of the stairs. [88] In October or November 1821, Lafitte's ship was ambushed as he attempted to ransom a recent prize. . [44], Captain Nicholas Lockyer, the commander of the Sophie, had been ordered to contact the "Commandant at Barataria". [16] Barataria was far from the US naval base, and ships could easily smuggle in goods without being noticed by customs officials. [90] In late April 1822, Lafitte was captured again after taking his first American ship. Jan 25, 2007. Legend holds that the Pirate Jean LaFitte, or in some other versions Santa Anna, left treasure at Hendrick's Lake near Tatum. So, if you google Money Hill in Abita Springs ,La . [74], In less than a year, Lafitte's colony grew to 100200 men and several women. In November 1822, he made news in the American press after escorting an American schooner through the pirate-infested area and providing them with extra cannon balls and food.[96]. His exact whereabouts after that are unknown. They created a base on the small and sparsely-populated island of Barataria, in Barataria Bay. Jean had taken the helm of a band of pirates when the U.S. found itself at war with . The Jean Lafitte Swamp Tour, held in the eponymous Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, is also named after the pirate/privateer. Look it up. Lafitte visited in March 1817. Dissatisfied with their role as brokers, in October 1812 the Lafitte brothers purchased a schooner and hired Captain Trey Cook to sail it. [82] Maison Rouge is believed to have stood at 1417 Harborside Drive near the Galveston wharf, but the foundations there have been dated to the 1870s. The name Jean Lafitte is almost legendary around the upper areas of the Texas coastline. Radford, Victor and the Pirate: A Story of New Orleans During the War of 1812, Childcraft (Vol. He was probably born in the early 1780s in either France or the French colony of St. Domingue (now Haiti) in the Caribbean. Andrew Jackson asked Lafitte to help defend New Orleans in the Battle of 1815. [86][Note 2], Lafitte and his men continued to take Spanish ships in the Gulf of Mexico and often returned to Galveston or the barrier islands near New Orleans to unload cargo or take on supplies arranged by Pierre. Lafitte conducted most of his business aboard his ship, The Pride, where he also lived. I have no doubt that the Historians will decry what Ive said here, and Im cool with that, I know what I saw and found, and I know what others saw and found. After Napoleons exile to St. Helena by the English in 1815, the story says Lafitte put a double in his place and smuggled him into the United States, but that Napoleon died on the trip. 3 and 4. The fleet anchored off Grande Terre and the gunboats attacked. [25] Dorada captured a fourth ship, a schooner they renamed Petit Milan. Located on Bourbon Street, it is associated with Lafitte, who may have spent time there in his earlier years. The other went north later over seas where he was killed during WW2. well as the fortunes left on the merchant ships that he captured. I a month there. The silver that Lafitte accumulated from selling captured slaves, cotton, and other goods was stored in wooden kegs or casks. This article is about the privateer. Though Lafitte's home is gone, this property across the street from the Port of Galveston contains the ruins of a later structure and a trove of ghost tales. Jean Lafitte (c.1780 c.1823) was a French pirate and privateer who operated in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 19th century. "[98] No American newspaper published an obituary of him. #1. He sold those at his location The Temple. The money that he sold them for was Spanish Coin, Reales usually in 2,4,8 denominations, minted in Mexico. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. ), privateer and smuggler who interrupted his illicit adventures to fight heroically for the United States in defense of New Orleans in the War of 1812. If you study your info you will be lost. And whether it's a pirate's ship or not, they hope it's a clue to their ultimate treasure. He was said to use it as a base for arranging the transfer of smuggled goods. The Historic New Orleans Collection, 1983.123.8. Small but made like a brick. The park was given the mission of preserving the natural and cultural resources of Louisianas Mississippi River delta region. instead of just one? mystery afoot! locations along the Gulf Coast. wrong move on Lafittes mason rouge. Jackson agreed to do so. Laflin said he himself was a descendant of Jean Lafitte and had found the book in a trunk he had inherited. parties, as the Mystery of Jean Lafittes Unfound Treasure seems to be a voyage [34] Biographer Jack Ramsay speculates that the voyage was intended to "establish [Lafitte] as a privateering captain". Very little is known about Laffite, and speculation about his life and death continues among historians. My grandfathers mother lived next to his mother and we were told of the storys on where some was at. Josh Gates is on a mission to find the hidden treasure of Jean Lafitte, the French pirate and privateer, this week on Expedition Unknown. Jean Lafitte's fabeled ship, The Pride, sunk well over a hundred years ago. Long-lost pirate ship may lie in Texas lake / Historical treasure could be wreck of Jean Lafitte. One of the pirate's captains had attacked an American merchant ship. Jean Lafitte (c. 1780 - c. 1823) . [116], In 1980, the manuscript was donated to the Sam Houston Regional Library and Research Center in Texas. both men served under Governor Bernardo de Galvez during the American Revolution and can be found listed on the New Orleans Militia Roster. Captain Campbell became a farmer and remained so until his death in 1856. Jean Lafitte's ship was named "The General Jackson". (In English documents, his last name was often spelled Lafitte, but Laffite was the spelling used by Jean and his brother Pierre.) Lafitte possibly took an assumed name, John Lafflin, and may have given that surname to his younger two sons. Click the image below to read our free eBook "The Big Book of Credit Union MythsBUSTED! Widely publicized, the raid was hailed by the Niles' Weekly Register as "a major conquest for the United States". Was it buried underground or lost under water? My Grandpa told me often when I was very young that everyone thought that Lafittes fort was on Grand Isle, but it never was. [75] Lafitte interviewed all newcomers and required them to take an oath of loyalty to him. "[26] For several months, the Lafittes would send the ships directly to New Orleans with legal cargo and would take on outgoing provisions in the city. After first escaping with some crew, he and his men were captured and jailed. The British raised a white flag and launched a small dinghy with several officers. An archivist for Bexar County, Texas, declared the papers to be authentic. He brought all captured goods to Barataria.
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